Mastering Local Anesthetic and Epinephrine Weight Calculations

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is true about the packaging of local anesthetics?

  • Local anesthetics are typically packaged in high concentrations due to their strong chemical nature.
  • Local anesthetics are typically packaged in low concentrations to increase their effectiveness.
  • Local anesthetics are typically packaged in low concentrations due to their strong chemical nature. (correct)
  • Local anesthetics are typically packaged in high concentrations to increase their effectiveness.

Which of the following local anesthetics is commonly used in dentistry?

  • Ropivacaine
  • Lidocaine
  • Procaine (correct)
  • Bupivacaine

Why are esters less frequently used as local anesthetics?

  • They have a longer duration of action.
  • They have a lower toxicity and allergenicity.
  • They have a higher toxicity and allergenicity. (correct)
  • They have a higher potency.

How do local anesthetics work?

<p>By blocking sodium channels in the neuron membrane. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which category of local anesthetics is metabolized in the liver?

<p>Amides (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which local anesthetic is considered the safest to use in children?

<p>Lidocaine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which local anesthetic is linked to a blood disorder called methemoglobinemia?

<p>Prilocaine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which local anesthetic has the longest duration among the options?

<p>Bupivacaine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct method to calculate the weight of the local anesthetic drug in Scorpio?

<p>Multiply the volume by the weight of one milliliter of liquid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight of a 100% lidocaine solution in milligrams?

<p>1,800 milligrams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the weight of the local anesthetic drug be calculated?

<p>Multiply the weight of the liquid by the percentage of the solution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the maximum amount of epinephrine allowed for a cardiac patient?

<p>0.04 milligrams (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es una de las concentraciones comunes de los anestésicos locales utilizados en odontología?

<p>2% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de los siguientes anestésicos locales tiene un pKa más bajo?

<p>Procaino (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Qué factores afectan la duración de acción de un anestésico local?

<p>Flujo sanguíneo, solubilidad en lípidos y unión a proteínas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Por qué los anestésicos locales son menos efectivos en tejidos inflamados o infectados?

<p>Debido a su menor capacidad de penetración (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de los siguientes anestésicos locales se metaboliza en el hígado?

<p>Bupivacaína (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de los siguientes anestésicos locales tiene la duración más corta?

<p>Articaína (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de los siguientes anestésicos locales se considera el más seguro para usar en niños?

<p>Lidocaína (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál de las siguientes afirmaciones es verdadera sobre los anestésicos locales de ésteres?

<p>Tienen una duración más larga. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es el peso total del líquido en el vehículo del carro?

<p>8 mililitros (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es el peso del anestésico local en una solución de lidocaína al 2%?

<p>36 mg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es la cantidad máxima de epinefrina permitida para un paciente sano?

<p>0.2 mg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

¿Cuál es la cantidad máxima de lidocaína sin vasoconstrictor permitida?

<p>4.4 mg por kilogramo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Calculating the Weight of Local Anesthetic and Epinephrine in Milligrams

  • The weight of the entire liquid in a car pool can be calculated by multiplying the volume (in milliliters) by the weight of one milliliter of liquid.
  • For a 100% lidocaine solution, the weight of the liquid would be 1.8 grams or 1,800 milligrams.
  • The weight of the local anesthetic drug in Scorpio is what is clinically relevant, not the weight of the entire liquid.
  • To calculate the weight of the local anesthetic drug, start with an 18 milligram block and multiply it by the percentage of the solution.
  • For example, a 2% lidocaine solution would contain 36 milligrams of the local anesthetic per car pool.
  • A 4% lidocaine solution would contain 72 milligrams of the local anesthetic per car pool.
  • The weight of the local anesthetic can be multiplied by the number of car pools to calculate the total amount in milligrams.
  • Epinephrine is a vasoconstrictor that is often added to local anesthetics.
  • Epinephrine helps prolong numbness, reduce toxicity, and promote hemostasis.
  • The maximum amount of epinephrine allowed for a systemically healthy patient is 0.2 milligrams.
  • The maximum amount of epinephrine allowed for a cardiac patient is 0.04 milligrams.
  • The maximum amount of lidocaine without vasoconstrictor allowed is 4.4 milligrams per kilogram, while with vasoconstrictor it is 7 milligrams per kilogram.

Cálculo del peso de los anestésicos locales

  • El peso total del líquido en el vehículo del carro es de 8 ml.
  • Si 1 ml de líquido pesa 1 gramo, entonces 1.8 ml de líquido pesan 1.8 gramos o 1800 miligramos.
  • Sin embargo, solo nos interesa saber cuánto pesa el anestésico local en sí, no todo el líquido.
  • Para calcular el peso del anestésico local, multiplicamos el peso del bloque de 18 mg por el porcentaje específico del anestésico.
  • Por ejemplo, para una solución de lidocaína al 2%, el peso del anestésico local por carro sería de 36 mg.
  • Para una solución al 4%, el peso del anestésico local por carro sería de 72 mg.
  • Si tenemos 2 carros de lidocaína al 4%, el peso total del anestésico local sería de 144 mg.
  • Para calcular el peso de la epinefrina en una solución de lidocaína al 2%, convertimos la proporción de 1:100,000 a un porcentaje.
  • Un 1% de epinefrina sería igual a 0.018 mg.
  • La epinefrina actúa como vasoconstrictor en los anestésicos locales, prolongando la duración de la anestesia y reduciendo la toxicidad.
  • La cantidad máxima de epinefrina permitida para un paciente sano es de 0.2 mg.
  • Para un paciente con problemas cardíacos, la cantidad máxima de epinefrina permitida es de 0.04 mg.
  • La cantidad máxima de lidocaína sin vasoconstrictor permitida es de 4.4 mg por kilogramo.
  • La cantidad máxima de lidocaína con vasoconstrictor permitida es de 7 mg por kilogramo.

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