Mastering Historicizing Dimensions in Data Warehouses

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Questions and Answers

What is the distinction between fact tables and dimension tables in a multidimensional data model?

Fact tables contain quantitative measurements or metrics, while dimension tables provide context and descriptive attributes for the facts.

What is the concept of slowly changing dimensions (SCD) in the context of a data warehouse?

Slowly changing dimensions refer to dimensions that undergo infrequent, inconsistent, and unexpected changes compared to facts.

What is an example of a slowly changing dimension in the given text?

The change in the product group for Product No.3 from 'Cordless tel.' to 'Cordless ISDN tel.' is an example of a slowly changing dimension.

What is the purpose of using SCD type 3?

<p>SCD type 3 is used to historicize the original and current value of an attribute, although information is lost if the attribute is changed multiple times.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of when SCD type 3 might be used.

<p>SCD type 3 could be used for converting postal codes since the change is assumed to occur rarely and the loss of information can be accepted.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two different database structures used in the physical implementation of a multidimensional data model?

<p>The two different database structures are the star schema and the snowflake schema.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between SCD type 1 and SCD type 2?

<p>SCD type 1 overwrites the data record while SCD type 2 adds a validity interval to each data record.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information is lost when implementing SCD type 1?

<p>When implementing SCD type 1, the information about the previous dimension is lost.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What additional attributes are required for a dimension historicization according to SCD type 2?

<p>Two additional attributes, ValidFrom and ValidTo, are required for a dimension historicization according to SCD type 2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of SCD type 2 over SCD type 1?

<p>The main advantage of SCD type 2 over SCD type 1 is that it offers full historicization of dimensional changes, preserving the information about previous dimensions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the different ways to access a data warehouse or data marts?

<p>Different ways to access a data warehouse or data marts include free data research, ad-hoc analysis systems (e.g., OLAP), report systems, model-based analysis systems, and concept-oriented systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is free data research and how is it performed?

<p>Free data research is a data query performed using a data manipulation language (DML), often with structured query language (SQL). It allows for flexible formulation of queries, regardless of the underlying models.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of classification in data warehouse analysis systems?

<p>Classification is done to categorize the different procedures and tools used in data warehouse analysis systems, based on their distinct features and functionalities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two variations of free data research mentioned in the text?

<p>SQL and MDX</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is OLAP an abbreviation for?

<p>Online Analytical Processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who developed the 12 rules to characterize the capability of an IT system?

<p>Edgar F. Codd</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five rules developed by Nigel Pendse and Richard Creeth to define OLAP systems?

<p>FASMI - Fast, Analysis, Shared, Multidimensional, Information</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a model-based analysis system?

<p>Model-based analysis systems are systems that use business models for calculations and analyses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a decision support system (DSS)?

<p>A decision support system (DSS) is used to support management in more or less structured decision situations by providing recommendations for action based on existing models and formulas.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an expert system?

<p>An expert system is an information system that makes specialist knowledge available in a limited area of application and seeks to emulate the decision-making ability of experts using artificial intelligence technology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is data mining?

<p>Data mining is the software-supported determination of previously unknown correlations, patterns, and trends evident in the data stock of very large databases or DWHs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are concept-oriented systems in the context of business intelligence (BI)?

<p>Concept-oriented systems are BI tools that provide analyses and data based on specific business concepts or procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a concept-oriented system mentioned in the text?

<p>The balanced scorecard (BSC) is a well-known example of a concept-oriented system utilized in modern BI systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who are the originators of the balanced scorecard (BSC)?

<p>The balanced scorecard (BSC) originated from a research project conducted by Robert S. Kaplan and David P. Norton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four perspectives of the traditional balanced scorecard (BSC) framework?

<p>The four perspectives of the traditional BSC framework are financial, internal process, customer, and learning and growth.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are scorecards and dashboards used for in report preparation?

<p>Scorecards and dashboards are used for visualizing key performance indicators (KPIs) and other important data points from different areas of the company in a condensed and uniform manner. They provide users with a snapshot of decision-relevant data that can be quickly compared with target performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a scorecard and a dashboard?

<p>A scorecard is a type of report that displays a collection of KPIs and their performance targets, while a dashboard is a container for a related group of scorecard and report views that are displayed together. Additionally, a scorecard summarizes company performance at a set point in time, whereas a dashboard reports company performance in real-time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of management information systems (MIS)?

<p>Management information systems (MIS) are report-oriented analysis systems that help management gain an overview of business processes and make informed decisions. They focus on the planning, management, and control of the operational value chain, providing visualization, analysis, and planning tools.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are executive information systems (EIS) used for?

<p>Executive information systems (EIS) are company-specific and cross-divisional integrative and dynamic information systems that provide information support to upper management. They primarily present highly condensed, controlling-relevant internal data and often integrate external information relevant to the company. EIS users are usually higher in a company management hierarchy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the different classifications of analysis systems in data warehousing?

<p>The different classifications of analysis systems in data warehousing include free data research, ad-hoc analysis systems (e.g., OLAP), report systems, model-based analysis systems, and concept-oriented systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can free data research be performed in a data warehouse?

<p>Free data research in a data warehouse can be performed by using a data manipulation language (DML), such as structured query language (SQL), to flexibly formulate queries regardless of the underlying models.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some common aspects of the five procedures of analysis systems?

<p>Some common aspects of the five procedures of analysis systems include access to the data warehouse or data marts, different ways and applications for accessing the data, and satisfying the various demands of users.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main components of an expert system?

<p>The main components of an expert system are a knowledge base and a problem-solving component.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the typical methods used in data mining?

<p>The typical methods used in data mining include outlier detection, cluster analysis, classification, association analysis, regression analysis, and aggregation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What industries commonly use expert systems?

<p>Expert systems are commonly used in the banking and insurance industry for credit assessments and risk analysis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the benefits of using data mining in web applications?

<p>The benefits of using data mining in web applications include generating information from online data and improving the effectiveness of web-based systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of OLAP systems in data analysis?

<p>OLAP systems allow for ad-hoc analysis on the basis of multidimensional information, enabling users to analyze data under different dimensions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the four groups of rules that characterize OLAP systems according to Edgar F. Codd?

<p>The four groups of rules are: multidimensional conceptual view, transparency for data stocks, intuitive data processing, and accessibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the five rules developed by Nigel Pendse and Richard Creeth to define OLAP systems?

<p>The five rules are: Fast, Analysis, Shared, Multidimensional, and Information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of OLAP systems?

<p>OLAP systems are high-performance and easy to use, compiling queries from the data source in a multi-dimensional data cube and presenting reports in the form of graphics and tables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of concept-oriented systems in business intelligence (BI)?

<p>Concept-oriented systems provide analyses and data based on specific business concepts or procedures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the balanced scorecard (BSC) and why was it developed?

<p>The balanced scorecard is a specific form of business scorecard that originated from dissatisfaction with one-dimensional, financially-oriented criteria used to measure company performance. It was developed to provide a more balanced picture of a company's activities by focusing on financial, internal process, customer, and learning and growth perspectives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the different types of analysis systems mentioned in the text?

<p>The different types of analysis systems mentioned in the text are free data queries, ad-hoc analyses, reporting systems, and model-based and concept-oriented systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages of using concept-oriented systems in business intelligence?

<p>Concept-oriented systems provide extensive analyses and data based on specific business concepts or procedures, allowing for a deeper understanding of the business and more targeted decision-making.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key performance indicators (KPIs) commonly included in scorecards and dashboards?

<p>Key performance indicators (KPIs) commonly included in scorecards and dashboards are key business indicators that represent the achievement of certain strategic goals. Examples of KPIs include the average length of time visitors spend on a website or the turnover generated via a website.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between a scorecard and a dashboard?

<p>The main difference between a scorecard and a dashboard is that a scorecard is a type of report that displays a collection of KPIs and the performance targets for each KPI, while a dashboard is a container for a related group of scorecard and report views that are displayed together. Additionally, a scorecard summarizes company performance at a set point in time, whereas a dashboard reports company performance in real-time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are management information systems (MIS) used for?

<p>Management information systems (MIS) are used for the planning, management, and control of the operational value chain. They help management gain an overview of business processes and make informed business decisions. MIS systems offer powerful visualization and analysis tools, as well as provide attractive graphics and planning tools. They can also be used for visualizing trends and conducting 'what-if' analyses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are executive information systems (EIS) used for?

<p>Executive information systems (EIS) are company-specific and cross-divisional integrative and dynamic information systems that provide information support to upper management. They present highly condensed, controlling-relevant internal data and often integrate external information that is relevant to the company. EIS users are usually higher in a company management hierarchy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some functions that can be used to distribute BI knowledge?

<p>Dedicated access control, workflow management, life cycle concepts for knowledge, check-in/check-out, document collation, version management, and information retrieval.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can access to distributed BI knowledge be controlled?

<p>Access to distributed BI knowledge can be controlled centrally through dedicated access control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of workflow management?

<p>Workflow management enables multi-stage release processes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the benefit of using DMS or CMS functions in the distribution of BI knowledge?

<p>DMS or CMS functions help avoid information overhead and provide functionality for document management and content storage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the key characteristics of BI portals?

<p>BI portals support integration of various data sources and applications, provide end-user-oriented analysis and reporting tools, and allow for personalization and single sign-on access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of personalization in BI portals?

<p>Personalization in BI portals allows for tailoring content and results to the individual needs of users, whether role-based, group-based, or individual.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can BI analyses be made available throughout a company?

<p>BI analyses can be documented and made available through content and document management systems, as well as centralized and customized BI portals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of document management systems and content management systems?

<p>Document management systems focus on efficiently managing electronic documents, while content management systems handle heterogeneous media formats and facilitate machine-readable information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some reasons for the suboptimal distribution of information in business intelligence (BI) analyses?

<p>Reasons for the suboptimal distribution of information in BI analyses include limited access to analysis results, subjective selection of recipients for analysis results, and performing BI analyses without the knowledge of other departments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the supply of information in BI analyses be optimized in the long-term?

<p>The supply of information in BI analyses can be optimized in the long-term by ensuring adequate communication and linking BI to existing knowledge management structures within companies. Additionally, documenting and making BI analysis results available in appropriate form throughout the company can help optimize the supply of information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What tools can be used to ensure the adequate distribution of BI analysis results?

<p>Content and document management systems, as well as central, customized BI portals, can be useful tools to ensure the adequate distribution of BI analysis results.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of knowledge according to the text?

<p>Knowledge is defined as the sum of facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education used to solve problems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are content management systems (CMS) used for?

<p>Content management systems (CMS) are used for handling different media formats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are document management systems (DMS) used for?

<p>Document management systems (DMS) are used for the effective management of paper-based documents.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between explicit knowledge and implicit knowledge?

<p>Explicit knowledge can be stored or documented in a structured form, while implicit knowledge refers to the knowledge stored in the minds of employees.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do content management systems (CMS) and document management systems (DMS) support unstructured data?

<p>Content management systems (CMS) and document management systems (DMS) support unstructured data by providing functions such as capture, archiving, version management, and provision of documents in electronic form for DMS, and handling heterogeneous media formats and allowing content, structure, and layout to be strictly separated for CMS.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of a BI portal?

<p>A BI portal is composed of several parts called portlets. Each portlet is responsible for different content or applications, such as news, BI applications, and communication and collaboration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a BI portal?

<p>The purpose of a BI portal is to combine different content and applications via a common interface, providing centralized and structured access to information. It allows users to have a defined entry point into company knowledge and make informed business decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can BI content reach the user?

<p>BI content can reach the user through various channels, such as analysis front-ends, company websites, operational applications, and feeds. Feeds are designed for distributing discrete content to different front-end applications, and can be used for exception reporting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some features of portals in presenting BI analyses to end users?

<p>Portals are effective and convenient in presenting BI analyses to end users. They offer centralized web applications where structured information can be accessed. Portals integrate different content and applications via a common interface, providing users with a defined entry point into company knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between content management systems (CMS) and document management systems (DMS)?

<p>Content management systems (CMS) focus on handling different media formats such as numerical data, text, graphics, images, audio, or video sequences. They support the insertion, updating, and archiving of articles as well as content preparation and compilation. Document management systems (DMS), on the other hand, were originally designed to efficiently manage paper-based documents. They include functions such as capture, archiving, version management, and provision of documents in electronic form.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of a BI portal?

<p>The components of a BI portal are portlets responsible for news, BI applications, and communication and collaboration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the purpose of a BI portal.

<p>The purpose of a BI portal is to provide centralized and structured access to information, allowing users to make informed business decisions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can BI content be accessed by users?

<p>BI content can be accessed by users through analysis front-ends, company websites, operational applications, and feeds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the advantages of using portals to present BI analyses?

<p>Portals provide an effective and convenient way to present BI analyses to end users, offering centralized access to structured information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of employees in enacting subsequent decisions based on business intelligence (BI) analyses?

<p>The role of employees is to make informed and strategic decisions based on the insights gained from BI analyses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some reasons for a suboptimal supply of information in BI analyses?

<p>Some reasons for a suboptimal supply of information include limited access to analysis results, subjective selection of recipients for information transfer, and performing BI analyses without the knowledge of other departments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the distribution of information be optimized in BI?

<p>The distribution of information can be optimized by linking BI to existing knowledge management structures within companies, documenting and making analysis results available in appropriate form, and utilizing content and document management systems or customized BI portals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the potential functions of dedicated access control in the distribution of BI knowledge?

<p>The potential functions of dedicated access control in the distribution of BI knowledge include controlling access to distributed BI knowledge centrally, avoiding concurrent access through check-in/check-out mechanism, and providing role assignments with differentiated rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can workflow management contribute to the distribution of BI knowledge?

<p>Workflow management can contribute to the distribution of BI knowledge by enabling multi-stage release processes and facilitating the coordination and control of tasks related to the distribution process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of life cycle concepts for knowledge units in the context of distributing BI knowledge?

<p>The purpose of life cycle concepts for knowledge units in the context of distributing BI knowledge is to provide a mechanism for managing the validity and expiration of BI content and analysis models.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of version management in the distribution of BI content?

<p>Version management allows for tracing the history of modified BI content or documents, ensuring accountability and facilitating the management of changes and updates to distributed BI knowledge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the main characteristics of BI portals?

<p>The main characteristics of BI portals include integration of data sources and applications, support for end-user-oriented analysis and reporting tools, OLAP and data mining tools, and ETL tools, basic services such as administration and security, directory services (SSO), and other services, personalization options based on roles, groups, or individual users, and the ability to provide content in a user-oriented way.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of personalization in BI portals?

<p>Personalization in BI portals allows content to be offered in a user-oriented way. It can be applied based on roles, groups, or individual users and is used to offer results tailored to the individual needs of users. Personalization helps ensure that users receive only the data that is interesting or relevant to their area of responsibility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can the results of BI analyses be made available throughout a company?

<p>The results of BI analyses can be made available throughout a company by documenting and providing them in an appropriate form. This can be achieved through the use of content and document management systems as well as central, customized BI portals. These tools help optimize corporate communication and link BI to existing knowledge management structures within companies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the functions of document management systems (DMS) and content management systems (CMS) in the context of BI?

<p>Document management systems (DMS) focus on efficiently managing paper-based documents, including capture, archiving, version management, and provision of documents in electronic form. Content management systems (CMS) handle heterogeneous media formats such as numerical data, text, graphics, images, audio, or video sequences. These systems help ensure that information is kept in a machine-readable form, facilitating further use of the results in BI analyses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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