30 Questions
Which type of dysfunction is characterized by impaired cardiac contractility?
Systolic dysfunction
What is the main determinant of pre-load?
Venous return
What is the force that the contracting heart must generate to eject blood from the heart called?
Afterload
Which component of afterload may impair ventricular ejection and increase wall tension?
Vascular resistance
What is the term for the ability of the myocardium to contract?
Myocardial contractility
Which ion influences myocardial contractility by opening L-type channels facilitated by cAMP?
Ca2+
Which ion exchange is indirectly inhibited by cardiac glycosides, leading to increased contractility?
Na+/Ca2+ exchange
Which NYHA class of heart failure is characterized by marked limitation of physical activity?
Class III
Which NYHA class of heart failure is characterized by no limitation of physical activity?
Class I
Which type of dysfunction is characterized by a decrease in ejection fraction?
Systolic dysfunction
Which of the following is true about capillary hydrostatic pressure?
It forces fluid out of the capillaries and into the interstitium
Which of the following is responsible for drawing fluid into the capillaries?
Plasma oncotic pressure
Which system is important in controlling the concentration of proteins in interstitial fluids and the volume of interstitial fluid?
Lymphatic system
What is the range of pressure in the systemic venous circulation?
Between 3-18mmHg
What effect does sympathetic innervation of veins have on venous return to the heart?
Increases venous return
Which of the following is true about the effect of decreased alveolar O2 on local alveolar blood flow in the lungs?
It decreases local alveolar blood flow
What are the major routes across capillary membranes for the movement of fluids, solutes, and larger molecules/proteins?
Diffusion and bulk flow
What is the importance of the lymphatic system in fluid homeostasis and net transcapillary movement of water across capillary beds?
It prevents fluid accumulation in tissues
What are the factors that affect venous return and consequently determine cardiac output and blood pressure?
Blood volume and blood viscosity
What is the term for the net movement of nutrients, oxygen, and metabolic end products through capillary membranes?
Diffusion
Which artery supplies blood to the walls of the right atrium and right ventricle?
Right coronary artery
Which of the following is the primary controller of coronary blood flow?
Local metabolism
What is the main determinant of preload?
Venous return
Which ion influences myocardial contractility by opening L-type channels facilitated by cAMP?
Calcium
What effect does sympathetic innervation of veins have on venous return to the heart?
Increases venous return
During strenuous exercise, the work output of the heart increases by 6-9 times. What percentage of coronary blood flow does the heart use during strenuous exercise?
70-80%
Which of the following is responsible for vasoconstriction of skeletal muscle arterioles during sympathetic stimulation?
α1 receptors
What is the main factor that determines venous return to the heart?
Preload
Which of the following is true about the effect of sympathetic innervation on venous return to the heart?
Increases venous return
What is the term for the ability of the myocardium to contract?
Contractility
Test your knowledge of heart failure pathophysiology with this quiz. Learn about systolic vs. diastolic dysfunction, right vs. left ventricular dysfunction, causes of dysfunction, compensatory mechanisms, and more. Brush up on important concepts like cardiac output, pre-load, and afterload. Get ready to ace your heart failure exam!
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