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Questions and Answers
What are the main factors affecting Earth's energy budget?
The main factors affecting Earth's energy budget are albedo, greenhouse effect, greenhouse gases, and solar insolation.
Explain how global circulation works and what drives it.
Global circulation is driven by radiation, convection, and conduction. Convection cells and currents in air and water, along with the Coriolis effect and prevailing winds, create the patterns of global circulation.
What is the definition of specific heat capacity? Provide the formulas used to calculate it.
Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius. The formulas used to calculate specific heat capacity are Q = mcΔT for temperature changes and Q = n.Hfus or n.Hvap for phase changes.
Why are graphs important in interpreting data related to Earth's systems?
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Study Notes
Energy Absorption and Solar Insolation
- Albedo: measure of how much sunlight is reflected back into space by the Earth's surface
- Greenhouse effect: trapping of heat by atmospheric gases, maintaining Earth's temperature
- Greenhouse gases: CO2, CH4, H2O, contributing to the greenhouse effect
- Radiation budget: balance between incoming and outgoing radiation, influencing Earth's temperature
- Latitude and angle of incidence: affect the amount of solar radiation received at the Earth's surface
- Earth's tilt and seasons: tilt causes variation in solar radiation, resulting in seasonal changes
Global Circulation
- Radiation: transfer of heat through electromagnetic waves
- Conduction: transfer of heat through direct contact
- Convection: transfer of heat through circulation of fluids
- Convection cells: circulation patterns in the atmosphere and oceans
- Jet Stream: fast-moving band of air in the upper atmosphere, influencing weather patterns
- Polar cell: circulation pattern near the poles, driven by temperature differences
- Ferrel cell: circulation pattern in mid-latitudes, driven by wind patterns
- Coriolis effect: apparent deflection of moving objects on Earth, influencing global circulation patterns
- Prevailing winds: consistent wind patterns, shaped by Coriolis effect and global circulation
Specific Heat Capacity
- Definition: amount of energy required to change the temperature of a substance by 1°C
- Calculations: Q = mcΔT (energy absorbed/released = mass x specific heat capacity x temperature change)
- Phase changes: absorption or release of energy during solid-liquid-gas transitions
- Energy calculations: Q = n.Hfus (energy absorbed/released during melting) or Q = n.Hvap (energy absorbed/released during evaporation)
Interpreting Graphs
- Understanding graphs: visual representation of data, used to analyze and interpret trends and patterns
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Description
Test your knowledge on topics related to Earth's energy absorption, solar insolation, global circulation, and specific heat. Explore concepts such as albedo, greenhouse effect, radiation budget, latitude, angle of incidence, Earth's tilt, seasons, convection cells, Jet Stream, Coriolis effect, prevailing winds, and more. Challenge yourself with this quiz on bio, geo, hydro, and atmosphere.
