14 Questions
Which of the following is true about correlation?
It measures the extent to which two variables are related.
What does covariance measure?
The difference between two variables.
What does the variance tell us?
How scores deviate from the mean for a single variable.
Which of the following statements is true about correlation coefficients?
Correlation coefficients can only range from -1 to 1
What does the coefficient of determination, R², represent?
The proportion of variance in one variable shared by the other
When would we use non-parametric correlations?
When the data is ordinal
What does a partial correlation measure?
The relationship between two variables, controlling for the effect of a third variable
Which formula is used to convert a correlation coefficient (r) to a z-score?
z = r * \sqrt{\frac{n-2}{1-r^2}}
What is the formula for the standard error of a correlation coefficient (SE)?
SE = \sqrt{\frac{1-r^2}{n-2}}
What is the formula for testing the difference between two independent correlations?
z = \frac{r_1 - r_2}{\sqrt{\frac{1}{n_1-3} + \frac{1}{n_2-3}}}
Which formula is used to calculate the covariance between two variables?
$\text{cov}(x, y) = N-1 \sum (x_i - x)(y_i - y)$
Which of the following statements about covariance is true?
Covariance depends on the units of measurement
What is the standardized version of covariance called?
Correlation coefficient
What is the formula for calculating the correlation coefficient?
$r = \frac{\text{cov}(x, y)}{s_x \cdot s_y}$
Test your knowledge on correlation and learn important concepts such as the range of correlation, the coefficient of determination, and how to interpret correlation results. Explore the effects of correlation on exam performance and understand the significance of different effect sizes.
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