Mastering Computer System Units

Power Supply = Provides power to computer components Motherboard = Main circuit board that houses system components RAM slots = Houses the memory modules Microprocessors = Carries out instructions of a computer program

System Unit = Contains the computer's main hardware components System Clock = Controls how fast all the operations within a computer take place CPU = Central processing unit, the 'brain' of the computer Bus = Electronic 'roadway' that links different parts of the computer

Multicore processors = Has more than one processor 'core' on a single silicon chip Graphics processing unit (GPU) = Specialized processor used to manipulate three-dimensional (3D) computer graphics Intel and AMD = Manufacturers of traditional microcomputer microprocessors

<p>Megahertz (MHz) = 1 million cycles per second Gigahertz (GHz) = 1 billion cycles per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control unit = Part of the CPU that manages the data flow between the computer's other units Arithmetic/logic unit (ALU) = Part of the CPU that performs arithmetic computations and logical operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>CD Drive = Reads data from CDs and writes data to CDs Hard Drive = Stores and retrieves digital information Expansion Cards = Add functionality to a computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control unit = Deciphers each instruction and carries out the instruction Main memory = Stores the instructions Arithmetic/logic unit = Performs arithmetic and logical operations Input and output devices = Communicates with the control unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Machine cycle = A series of steps the CPU takes to execute an instruction Arithmetic operations = Fundamental math operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division Logical operations = Comparisons between two pieces of data Instruction = A command stored in the CPU for the control unit to decipher and carry out</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Deciphering instructions = Control unit Performing arithmetic operations = Arithmetic/logic unit Performing logical operations = Arithmetic/logic unit Storing instructions = Main memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>= = Equal to</p> <blockquote> <p>= Greater than = = Greater than or equal to &lt; = Less than</p> </blockquote> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetching an instruction = The process of retrieving a command stored in the CPU Executing an instruction = The process of carrying out a command stored in the CPU Comparing data = The process of determining if one piece of data is equal to, greater than, or less than another Storing data = The process of keeping information in the main memory for future use</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control unit = Deciphers and carries out the instruction Arithmetic/logic unit = Performs the operations required by the instruction Main memory = Provides the instruction to the control unit Machine cycle = The complete series of steps the CPU takes to execute an instruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bit = Each 0 or 1 Byte = A group of 8 bits Megabyte (MB) = 1 million (1,048,576) bytes Terabyte (TB) = 1 trillion (1,009,511,627,776) bytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>PCs = Tower or desktop; monitor is separate. Laptops = Monitor is attached to the system unit, like a clamshell. Tablets = Usually includes a touch-screen interface. Smartphones = Handheld system units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ASCII = Requires 7 or 8 bits per character Unicode = Requires 16 bits per character EBCDIC = Requires 8 bits per character Extended ASCII = Provides 256 characters</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary System = The basic data-representation method for computers uses just two numbers: 0 and 1 Machine Language = A binary-type programming language (0s and 1s) built into the CPU that is run directly by the computer Language Translators = The computer’s system software converts higher-level language instructions and data into machine language System Unit = The case that contains the computer’s electronic components used to process data</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kilobyte (KB) = 1,000 (1,024) bytes Gigabyte (GB) = 1 billion (1,073,741,824) bytes Petabyte (PB) = 1 quadrillion bytes Exabyte (EB) = 1 quintillion bytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ASCII = Commonly used for microcomputers Unicode = Handles 65,536 characters—used for Chinese and Japanese EBCDIC = Used for IBM mainframes Extended ASCII = Requires 8 bits per character, depending on the version</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vacuum tubes = Used wire circuits inside them to facilitate the flow of electrons Transistors = A tiny electronic switch that can be turned 'on' or 'off' millions of times per second Microchips = Made from semiconductors and have gotten smaller and more powerful since the 1970s Semiconductor = A material whose electrical properties are intermediate between a good conductor and a nonconductor of electricity</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Integrated circuit = All the parts of an electronic circuit embedded on a single silicon chip Silicon = A semiconductor made of clay and sand Microprocessors = The miniaturized circuitry of an entire computer processor on a single chip Chip = A tiny piece of silicon that contains millions of microminiature integrated electronic circuits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vacuum tubes = Facilitate the flow of electrons through wire circuits inside them Transistors = Switch that can be turned 'on' or 'off' millions of times per second Microprocessors = Contain the central processing unit (CPU), which processes data into information Semiconductor = Perfect underlayer for highly conductive, complex circuits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transistors = Replaced vacuum tubes Microchips = Store and process data in electronic devices Semiconductor = Used to make microchips Integrated circuits = Solid state (no moving parts)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silicon = A semiconductor made of clay and sand Microprocessor = The miniaturized circuitry of an entire computer processor on a single chip Transistor = A tiny electronic switch that can be turned 'on' or 'off' millions of times per second Vacuum tubes = Used wire circuits inside them to facilitate the flow of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microchips = Have gotten smaller and more powerful since the 1970s Transistors = Replaced vacuum tubes Microprocessors = Enabled the development of small, mobile electronic devices Integrated circuits = All the parts of an electronic circuit embedded on a single silicon chip</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microchips, Miniaturization, &amp; Mobility = 4.1 The Central Processing Unit &amp; the Machine Cycle = 4.5 Secondary Storage = 4.7 Inside the System Unit: Power Supply, Motherboard, &amp; Microprocessors = 4.3</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>UNIT4A = Processing: The System Unit, Microprocessors, &amp; Main Memory UNIT4B = Secondary Storage 4.6 = Expansion Cards, Bus Lines, &amp; Ports 4.2 = Representing Data Electronically</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microchips, Miniaturization, &amp; Mobility = Electronic circuitry has remained basically the same over recent years The Central Processing Unit &amp; the Machine Cycle = Part of a computer that carries out most of the processing inside a computer Secondary Storage = Non-volatile memory that is not directly accessible by the CPU Inside the System Unit: Power Supply, Motherboard, &amp; Microprocessors = Components inside the computer case, excluding removable media or external hardware devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Microprocessors = An integrated circuit that contains functions of a central processing unit of a computer Main Memory = The working memory of a computer where data is temporarily stored while being processed Expansion Cards = A circuit board inserted into a slot on the motherboard to add extra functionality to a computer Bus Lines = A communication system that transfers data between components inside a computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4.1 = Microchips, Miniaturization, &amp; Mobility 4.5 = The Central Processing Unit &amp; the Machine Cycle 4.7 = Secondary Storage 4.3 = Inside the System Unit: Power Supply, Motherboard, &amp; Microprocessors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Circuit = A closed path followed or capable of being followed by an electric current Motherboard = The main circuit board of a computer Power Supply = An electrical device that provides power to an electrical load Ports = An interface through which data is transferred in and out of a computer</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transistors</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To act as a tiny electronic switch</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Silicon</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Binary</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>1,000 bytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Secondary Storage</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To provide electrical power to the computer components</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To connect the system unit to peripheral devices</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Control unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To manipulate three-dimensional computer graphics</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The faster the CPU runs, the more power it consumes</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Arithmetic/Logic unit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fetch, decode, execute, store</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Direct the movement of electronic signals</p> Signup and view all the answers