CHP 2 Part 1

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Questions and Answers

Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for the presentation of information to the user and the acceptance of the user's commands?

Session Layer

Application Layer (correct)

Physical Layer

Transport Layer

What is the function of data access logic in application architectures?

Creating, storing, and processing data

Validation of user input

Presentation of information to the user

Processing required to access data (correct)

Which of the following is an example of business logic in application architectures?

Presentation of information to the user

Rules for validating user input (correct)

Processing required to access data

Acceptance of user's commands

What is the primary purpose of the application layer in the OSI model?

Providing services directly to the user Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the OSI model involves processing required to access data using database queries in SQL?

Application Layer Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of presentation logic in application architectures?

Presenting information to the user and accepting user's commands Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a function of application programs in application architectures?

Data storage and retrieval Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of host-based architectures?

The server processes all messages Signup and view all the answers

In client-based architectures, where is the application logic usually located?

On the client Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the key factors that led to the expansion of client-based architectures in the late 1980s?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

In client-based architectures, where is the data stored?

On the server Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage of client-based architectures?

All data on the server must travel to the client for processing Signup and view all the answers

Which application architecture provides services (software, platform, and/or infrastructure) to the client?

Cloud-based architectures Signup and view all the answers

What is a disadvantage of host-based architectures?

Upgrades to the mainframes are expensive Signup and view all the answers

Which type of client architecture places little or no application logic on the client?

Thin-client architecture Signup and view all the answers

Which type of client architecture places all or almost all of the application logic on the client?

Thick-client architecture Signup and view all the answers

What is one advantage of thin-client architecture?

Easier to manage Signup and view all the answers

What is one disadvantage of thick-client architecture?

Difficult to manage Signup and view all the answers

Is there a direct relationship between thin/thick clients and two/three/n-tier architectures?

No Signup and view all the answers

What is the biggest force favoring thin clients?

Web Signup and view all the answers

In a two-tier architecture with a thin client, where is the application logic placed?

On the server Signup and view all the answers

In a two-tier architecture with a thick client, where is the application logic placed?

On the client Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of a three-tier architecture with thin clients?

Easier to manage Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is NOT a disadvantage of the n-tier architecture compared to a two-tier architecture?

It is more difficult to program and test software Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of middleware in a client-server architecture?

To manage the message transfer from clients to servers Signup and view all the answers

Which type of architecture balances the load on different servers and provides more power compared to one-tier or two-tier architectures?

N-Tier Architecture Signup and view all the answers

What is one solution to the challenge of getting software from different vendors to work together in a client-server network?

Middleware Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the client-server architecture accepts user requests and performs the application logic that produces database requests?

Client software Signup and view all the answers

What is the main advantage of a three-tier architecture compared to a two-tier architecture?

It allows for load balancing and scalability Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary disadvantage of the n-tier architecture compared to a two-tier architecture?

It requires more communication among the servers Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

OSI Model – Application Layer

The application layer is responsible for presenting information to users and accepting user commands.
It serves as the interface between the user and the underlying network services.

Data Access Logic

Data access logic manages how data is retrieved or manipulated in application architectures, typically handling database queries.

Business Logic Example

Business logic refers to the specific rules or algorithms that govern data processing within an application, such as pricing calculations or order processing.

Function of Application Layer

The primary purpose of the application layer in the OSI model is to facilitate communication between applications, enabling end-users to perform operations.

SQL Data Access

The data access logic in application architectures involves processing SQL database queries which connect users to required data.

Presentation Logic Role

Presentation logic determines how information is displayed to users, ensuring the user interface is intuitive and responsive to commands.

Application Programs Function

Application programs in architectures execute, manage, and facilitate user tasks, acting on data and user input.

Host-Based Architectures

Characteristics not found in host-based architectures include extensive client processing capabilities and high user interactivity, which are typically client-side features.

Client-Based Architecture

In client-based architectures, application logic is generally located on the client side of the network.

Expansion of Client-Based Architectures

Key factors leading to the expansion of client-based architectures in the late 1980s included advances in personal computing and network technology.

Data Storage in Client-Based Architectures

Data is typically stored on centralized servers, accessible by client devices.

Disadvantages of Client-Based Architectures

One significant disadvantage is that client devices may require substantial processing power and resources to handle application logic.

Application Architecture Services

Client-server architecture provides services such as software, infrastructure, and platforms to the client.

Host-Based Architecture Disadvantages

Host-based architectures can suffer from performance bottlenecks due to centralization of processing and data handling.

Thin vs. Thick Client Architectures

Thin client architecture places minimal application logic on the client, whereas thick client architecture has most or all application logic on the client side.

Thin-Client Architecture Advantage

A key advantage of thin-client architecture is reduced resource requirements on client devices, leading to easier management.

Thick-Client Architecture Disadvantage

One disadvantage of thick-client architecture is the need for more robust client hardware and software, which increases costs.

Client Type vs. Architecture

There is no direct relationship between client types (thin/thick) and architectural tiers (two/three/n-tier).

Thin-Client Drivers

The biggest force favoring thin clients is the demand for simpler client management and lower costs in maintaining user devices.

Two-Tier Architecture Application Logic

In a two-tier architecture with a thin client, application logic is usually managed on the server side.

Thick Client in Two-Tier Architecture

A two-tier architecture with a thick client typically has application logic primarily executed on the client side.

Three-Tier Architecture Advantages

A three-tier architecture with thin clients enhances scalability and simplifies updates since application logic is centralized on servers.

N-Tier vs. Two-Tier Disadvantages

An advantage of n-tier architecture over two-tier is improved performance and resource distribution; not all disadvantages apply.

Middleware Purpose

Middleware acts as an intermediary that facilitates communication and data management between client and server components in a client-server architecture.

Load Balancing Architecture

Multi-tier architecture balances loads across different servers, providing greater efficiency and performance compared to simpler architectures.

Vendor Integration Solution

Solutions to the integration issue across different vendor software in a client-server network often include the use of middleware or standard APIs.

Client-Server Architecture Component

The application server component accepts user requests and executes application logic to generate database requests.

Three-Tier vs. Two-Tier Advantage

A primary advantage of a three-tier architecture is enhanced modularity, allowing easier scaling and maintenance compared to two-tier.

N-Tier vs. Two-Tier Disadvantage

The main disadvantage of n-tier architecture compared to two-tier is increased complexity, which may complicate development and maintenance.

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Description

Test your knowledge of client-server architectures and learn about the challenges of data transmission over network circuits. Explore how data is transmitted from the server to the client and the potential issues that can arise, such as network overload.