42 Questions
In which position is the dog placed for the caudo-cranial view?
Dorsal recumbency
What is the purpose of securing the neck using a sandbag?
To reduce superimposition of the neck soft tissues over the shoulder joint
What should be included in the exposed area of the radiograph?
Distal 50% of the scapula and proximal 50% of the humerus
What should the centre of collimation be in a well-positioned shoulder radiograph?
Distal to the acromion
What are common mistakes when positioning the radiograph?
Overlying tissue of the neck, trachea, and cervical spine
What do some radiographers deliberately try to overlie the shoulder joint with?
Trachea
What should the joint space look like in a well-positioned radiograph?
Well visualized with no overlying tissue
What is the purpose of placing a foam pad under the chest?
To ensure the dog is parallel to the table
What is the purpose of moving the upper limb caudally with a rope tie?
To assist shoulder extension
Which view is most easy to obtain in radiographing a dog's limb?
Caudocranial view
What is the recommended positioning for obtaining a caudo-cranial view of a dog's limb?
Dorsal recumbency with the limb extended and pulled away from the midline
What should be included in the collimation for a caudo-cranial view of a dog's shoulder?
Only the distal 50% of the scapula and proximal 50% of the humerus
What is the recommended centring for a well-positioned radiograph of a dog's limb in the caudo-cranial view?
At the shoulder joint
What can result in magnification distortion in the cranio-caudal view of a dog's shoulder?
Using a standing position
What is the radiographic feature of a medial shoulder luxation?
Humeral head is displaced medially
What is the radiographic feature of osteochondrosis in a dog's shoulder?
Loss of rounded contour of the caudal surface of the humeral head
What is the radiographic feature of chronic shoulder arthrosis?
Presence of osteophytes
What is the purpose of anaesthetizing the dog for the caudo-cranial view of the shoulder?
The dog needs to be immobilized to obtain a clear and accurate radiograph without movement or discomfort.
How is the limb to be radiographed pulled into extension?
A rope tie is used to pull the limb into extension.
What is the purpose of flexing the neck dorsally and securing it with a sandbag?
It moves the cervical spine so that it does not superimpose over the shoulder joint, reducing superimposition on the radiograph.
What should be included in the exposed area of the radiograph?
The distal 50% of the scapula and proximal 50% of the humerus.
What is the recommended positioning of the dog for the caudo-cranial view of the shoulder?
The dog should be in dorsal recumbency with the limb extended cranially.
What are the different categories of skeletal disease that can be considered when evaluating shoulder radiographs?
Congenital, Developmental, Traumatic, Infectious, Neoplastic, Metabolic, Degenerative
What is the radiographic feature of medial shoulder luxation and what is it associated with?
The humeral head is displaced medially with regard to the scapula. It is associated with traumatic luxation.
What is the radiographic feature of osteochondrosis in a dog's shoulder?
Loss of rounded contour of caudal surface of humeral head and radiolucent defect
What is the radiographic feature of chronic shoulder arthrosis?
Lots of new bone (osteophytes) with an underlying cause often not evident
What is the purpose of a caudo-cranial view in radiographing a dog's limb?
To obtain a view where the long axis of the scapula and humerus are in line with each other and to visualize the joint space
What is the purpose of securing the neck using a sandbag?
To move the cervical spine and reduce superimposition over the shoulder joint
What is the purpose of placing a foam pad under the chest?
To ensure the dog is parallel to the table and assist shoulder extension
What do some radiographers deliberately try to overlie the shoulder joint with?
The trachea
What are the different categories of skeletal disease that can be considered when evaluating shoulder radiographs?
Osteochondrosis, chronic shoulder arthrosis, and medial shoulder luxation
What should the centre of collimation be in a well-positioned shoulder radiograph?
The shoulder joint (just distal to the acromion)
What are the possible categories of skeletal disease when evaluating shoulder radiographs?
Congenital, Developmental, Traumatic, Infectious, Neoplastic, Metabolic, Degenerative
What is the radiographic feature of medial shoulder luxation?
The humeral head is luxated compared to the glenoid cavity.
What is the radiographic feature of osteochondrosis in a dog's shoulder?
Loss of rounded contour of caudal surface of humeral head, radiolucent defect
What is the radiographic feature of chronic shoulder arthrosis?
Lots of new bone (osteophytes)
What can result in magnification distortion in the cranio-caudal view of a dog's shoulder?
Difficulty in getting the shoulder close to the table
The caudo-cranial view is most easy to obtain
dorsal recumbency
The limb is pulled slightly away from the midline (approx. 5 degrees)
sandbag
A well positioned radiograph has the scapula and humerus in line with each other
good visualisation
The cranio-caudal view can result in magnification distortion as it is difficult to get the shoulder close to the table
standing horse
For simple categorisation its worth thinking of skeletal disease as possibly being one of the following
neoplastic
This quiz tests your knowledge of radiography techniques for imaging a dog's shoulder, including the correct positioning and views. Test your understanding of terms like lateral view, caudo-cranial view, and medio-lateral projection.
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