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Questions and Answers
How is photosynthesis similar in C4 plants and CAM plants?
How is photosynthesis similar in C4 plants and CAM plants?
Which of the following does NOT occur during the Calvin cycle?
Which of the following does NOT occur during the Calvin cycle?
Which process is most directly driven by light energy?
Which process is most directly driven by light energy?
If you ran the same experiment without passing light through a prism, what would you predict?
If you ran the same experiment without passing light through a prism, what would you predict?
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In autotrophic bacteria, where is chlorophyll located?
In autotrophic bacteria, where is chlorophyll located?
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If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO2 containing heavy oxygen (18O), later analysis will show that all of the following molecules produced by the algae contain 18O except
If photosynthesizing green algae are provided with CO2 containing heavy oxygen (18O), later analysis will show that all of the following molecules produced by the algae contain 18O except
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Which term describes ATP production resulting from the capture of light energy by chlorophyll?
Which term describes ATP production resulting from the capture of light energy by chlorophyll?
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Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the experimental conditions involving chloroplast membrane vesicles equilibrated in a solution of pH 5, then adjusted to pH 8?
Which of the following conclusions can be drawn from the experimental conditions involving chloroplast membrane vesicles equilibrated in a solution of pH 5, then adjusted to pH 8?
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When light strikes chlorophyll molecules of PS II, they lose electrons, which are ultimately replaced by _____.
When light strikes chlorophyll molecules of PS II, they lose electrons, which are ultimately replaced by _____.
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What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?
What does the chemiosmotic process in chloroplasts involve?
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Suppose the interior of the thylakoids of isolated chloroplasts were made acidic and then transferred in the dark to a pH 8 solution. What would be likely to happen?
Suppose the interior of the thylakoids of isolated chloroplasts were made acidic and then transferred in the dark to a pH 8 solution. What would be likely to happen?
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Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration?
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The splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds occurs during
The splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds occurs during
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In thylakoids, protons travel through ATP synthase from the thylakoid space to the stroma. Therefore, the catalytic 'knobs' of ATP synthase would be located
In thylakoids, protons travel through ATP synthase from the thylakoid space to the stroma. Therefore, the catalytic 'knobs' of ATP synthase would be located
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The reactions that produce molecular oxygen (O2) take place in
The reactions that produce molecular oxygen (O2) take place in
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Carbon fixation involves the addition of carbon dioxide to _____.
Carbon fixation involves the addition of carbon dioxide to _____.
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After 3-PGA is phosphorylated, it is reduced by _____.
After 3-PGA is phosphorylated, it is reduced by _____.
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In C4 and CAM plants carbon dioxide is fixed in the _____ of mesophyll cells.
In C4 and CAM plants carbon dioxide is fixed in the _____ of mesophyll cells.
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C4 plants differ from C3 and CAM plants in that C4 plants _____.
C4 plants differ from C3 and CAM plants in that C4 plants _____.
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C4 plants occur more commonly in desert conditions because _____.
C4 plants occur more commonly in desert conditions because _____.
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What would be the expected effect on plants if the atmospheric CO2 concentration was doubled?
What would be the expected effect on plants if the atmospheric CO2 concentration was doubled?
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Reactions that require CO2 take place in
Reactions that require CO2 take place in
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CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they
CAM plants keep stomata closed in daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they
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Study Notes
Photosynthesis Overview
- Photosynthesis produces glucose and oxygen from carbon dioxide and water, utilizing light energy.
- Two main stages: light-dependent reactions and the Calvin cycle (light-independent reactions).
C4 and CAM Plants
- C4 plants and CAM plants both initially fix carbon without using rubisco.
- C4 plants transfer fixed carbon dioxide to cells where the Calvin cycle occurs, while CAM plants fix CO2 at night and store it as organic acids.
Calvin Cycle
- Does not release oxygen; it involves carbon fixation, ATP consumption, and regeneration of RuBP.
- Carbon dioxide is added to RuBP (ribulose bisphosphate) during this cycle.
Light-Driven Processes
- Light energy directly drives the removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules.
- Photophosphorylation refers to ATP production via light energy capturing in chlorophyll.
Chemiosmotic Process
- Establishment of a proton gradient across thylakoid membranes is crucial for ATP production.
- Protons flow from the thylakoid space through ATP synthase to generate ATP.
Light Reactions
- Molecular oxygen (O2) is produced exclusively during the light reactions.
- Electrons replenished in PS II come from the splitting of water.
Chlorophyll in Bacteria
- In autotrophic bacteria, chlorophyll is located in the infolded plasma membrane.
Impact of pH Change
- Adjusting solution pH from 5 to 8 creates a proton gradient, allowing ATP synthesis, but requires ADP and inorganic phosphate.
Photosynthesis vs. Respiration
- Photosynthesis stores energy in organic molecules; respiration releases that energy.
- Respiration operates the biochemical pathways of photosynthesis in reverse.
Carbon Fixation and Sugar Production
- After phosphorylation, 3-PGA is reduced by NADPH to form G3P (glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate).
- Glucose is produced through multiple G3P molecules during the final stages of the Calvin cycle.
Effects of CO2 Concentration
- Doubling atmospheric CO2 will likely increase growth rates in C3 plants while minimally affecting C4 plants, which are adapted to lower CO2 conditions.
Experimental Predictions
- In Engelmann's experiment, bacteria would be evenly distributed along algal filaments without wavelength differentiation.
- Acidic thylakoid conditions followed by a switch to pH 8 will lead to ATP production in isolated chloroplasts.
Stomata Functionality
- CAM plants close stomata during the day to conserve water and fix CO2 at night.
- C4 plants are adapted to fix carbon efficiently during the day even with closed stomata.
Studying That Suits You
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Description
Test your understanding of photosynthesis with this set of flashcards focusing on the similarities between C4 and CAM plants. Explore the roles of rubisco and the Calvin cycle in these plant processes. This quiz is perfect for biology students looking to reinforce their knowledge.
