Mastering Biology Chapter 4 Flashcards

Which of the following sugars is the sugar found in deoxyribonucleotides?

Enter the name of the pentose sugar found in DNA.

Name the four nitrogenous bases that occur in DNA.

Identify three possible components of a DNA nucleotide.

In a nucleic acid polymer, the hydrogen bonds that help to hold regions of double-strandedness together occur between what parts of the nucleotide monomers?

DNA is composed of building blocks called _____.

In eukaryotic cells, DNA has the appearance of a _____.

Write the complementary sequence for the following DNA sequence, in order from 3' to 5': 5' - CGATATTGAGCTAAGCTT - 3'.

If a segment of DNA contains 28 percent T nucleotides, then the percentage of A nucleotides in that segment will be _____.

In a DNA double helix, the chemical bonds that form between the complementary nitrogenous bases are _____.

Which statement concerning the DNA double helix is correct?

If a strand of DNA has the nitrogen base sequence 5'-ATTTGC-3', what will be the sequence of the matching strand?

Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine. If a DNA double helix is 100 nucleotide pairs long and contains 25 adenine bases, how many guanine bases does it contain?

The two strands of a DNA double helix are held together by _____ that form between pairs of nitrogenous bases.

A nucleotide is composed of a(n) _____.

DNA Structure and Components

Deoxyribonucleotides contain the sugar deoxyribose, which is a pentose sugar found in DNA.
DNA consists of four nitrogenous bases: adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and thymine (T).
A DNA nucleotide is composed of three components: deoxyribose sugar, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base (either A, C, G, or T).

Hydrogen Bonds and Base Pairing

Within a double-stranded DNA molecule, hydrogen bonds form between the complementary nitrogenous bases, stabilizing the structure.
Base pairing rules state that adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine, critical for DNA replication and maintaining genetic information.

DNA Double Helix and Replication

Eukaryotic DNA is structured as a double helix, which is crucial for its function.
Complementary base pairing allows for the production of identical daughter molecules during DNA replication.

Base Pair Complementary and Percentages

For a given DNA sequence, the complementary strand is determined by pairing A with T and G with C, following their respective orientations.
If a DNA segment has 28% thymine (T) nucleotides, it will also have 28% adenine (A) due to base pairing.
In a DNA double helix of 100 nucleotide pairs containing 25 adenine bases, there will be 75 guanine bases, calculated through total base pair adjustments and pairing rules.

General Nucleotide Structure

Each nucleotide in DNA comprises a phosphate group, a five-carbon sugar, and a nitrogen-containing base, essential for the formation of the DNA polymer structure.

Test your knowledge of DNA components with these flashcards focused on Chapter 4 of Mastering Biology. You'll learn about sugars, nitrogenous bases, and nucleotide components essential for understanding genetics. Perfect for quick review and memorization!