Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a reversible COX-1 and COX-2 blocker?
Which of the following is a reversible COX-1 and COX-2 blocker?
Which analgesic has a longer half-life compared to other NSAIDs?
Which analgesic has a longer half-life compared to other NSAIDs?
Which analgesic is commonly prescribed for arthritis and chronic pain and selectively blocks COX-2?
Which analgesic is commonly prescribed for arthritis and chronic pain and selectively blocks COX-2?
Which analgesic is hepatotoxic in higher doses and can interact negatively with alcohol?
Which analgesic is hepatotoxic in higher doses and can interact negatively with alcohol?
Signup and view all the answers
Which enzyme does aspirin inhibit to prevent prostaglandin synthesis and inflammation?
Which enzyme does aspirin inhibit to prevent prostaglandin synthesis and inflammation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a therapeutic effect of aspirin?
Which of the following is NOT a therapeutic effect of aspirin?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main mechanism of action for corticosteroids in providing analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects?
What is the main mechanism of action for corticosteroids in providing analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common side effect of narcotics?
Which of the following is a common side effect of narcotics?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common side effect of corticosteroids?
Which of the following is a common side effect of corticosteroids?
Signup and view all the answers
Which analgesic works by inhibiting platelet aggregation and affects bleeding time?
Which analgesic works by inhibiting platelet aggregation and affects bleeding time?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a toxic effect of aspirin?
Which of the following is a toxic effect of aspirin?
Signup and view all the answers
Which drug is commonly used to treat overdose and addiction to narcotics?
Which drug is commonly used to treat overdose and addiction to narcotics?
Signup and view all the answers
Which analgesic is a non-selective COX-1 and COX-2 blocker and is irreversible?
Which analgesic is a non-selective COX-1 and COX-2 blocker and is irreversible?
Signup and view all the answers
Which analgesic can cause negative effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) system, such as an upset stomach?
Which analgesic can cause negative effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) system, such as an upset stomach?
Signup and view all the answers
Which analgesic is commonly prescribed for arthritis and chronic pain and selectively blocks COX-2?
Which analgesic is commonly prescribed for arthritis and chronic pain and selectively blocks COX-2?
Signup and view all the answers
Which analgesic is not an NSAID and its exact mechanism is not fully understood?
Which analgesic is not an NSAID and its exact mechanism is not fully understood?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Key Points on Analgesics and Their Therapeutic Effects
- Aspirin is an analgesic that works by inhibiting cyclooxygenase 1 & 2, which inhibits prostaglandin synthesis and prevents inflammation.
- Aspirin is also anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and affects bleeding time by inhibiting platelet aggregation.
- Toxic effects of aspirin include GI bleeding, tinnitus, nausea, vomiting, metabolic acidosis, decreased uric acid absorption, salicylism, delirium, and hyperventilation.
- Corticosteroids, produced in the adrenal cortex, inhibit phospholipase A2 and arachidonic acid synthesis, resulting in analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects.
- Side effects of corticosteroids include gastric ulcers, immunosuppression, osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, redistribution of body fat, and acute adrenal insufficiency.
- Narcotics, also known as opioids, are mu opioid receptor agonists that provide analgesic effects by agonizing receptors in the CNS.
- Common narcotics include morphine, hydrocodone, oxycodone, codeine, heroin, and Demerol.
- Combination narcotics, such as Vicodin and Percocet, contain a narcotic and acetaminophen (APAP) for more severe pain management.
- Therapeutic effects of morphine include meiosis, sedation, analgesia, respiratory depression, pneumonia, hypotension, urinary retention, constipation, nausea, vomiting, and euphoria or dysphoria.
- Overdose of morphine can lead to respiratory depression, meiosis, and coma.
- Drugs like naloxone, naltraxone, methadone, and buprenorphine are used to treat overdose and addiction to narcotics.
- Nitrous oxide is an inhalation agent that provides mild analgesic effects and is commonly known as laughing gas.
- Side effects of nitrous oxide include tingling, nausea, and long-term exposure can cause peripheral neuropathy.
Overview of Analgesics: NSAIDs and Acetaminophen
- Analgesics are drugs that relieve pain and can also have anti-inflammatory effects.
- NSAIDs (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) are a category of analgesics that limit or prevent inflammation.
- Aspirin, also known as acetyl salicylic acid (ASA), is a non-selective COX-1 and COX-2 blocker and is irreversible.
- Aspirin can cause negative effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) system, such as an upset stomach.
- Ibuprofen (Motrin, Advil) is a reversible COX-1 and COX-2 blocker and can be tough on the kidneys.
- Naproxen (Aleve) is another NSAID and has a longer half-life than other NSAIDs.
- Ketorolac is available in intravenous, intramuscular, and oral forms.
- Indomethacin has been linked to rare cases of blood disorders.
- Phenylbutazone (Bute) is used for animals.
- Celecoxib and meloxicam are newer drugs that selectively block COX-2 and are commonly prescribed for arthritis and chronic pain.
- Acetaminophen (Tylenol) is not an NSAID and its exact mechanism is not fully understood.
- Acetaminophen can be hepatotoxic in higher doses and can interact negatively with alcohol, impacting the liver.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on analgesics and their therapeutic effects with this quiz. Learn about the mechanisms of action and potential side effects of common analgesics such as aspirin, corticosteroids, and narcotics. Explore the therapeutic benefits and potential risks associated with these medications.
