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They are the ways and means we employ when we experience a problem in communication, either because we cannot say what we would like to say or because we cannot understand what is being said to us
communication strategies
The source of the problem can be linguistic, cultural or even contextual
communication
Communication strategies are also believed to be potentially conscious plans for solving any language-related problem in reaching a particular communicative goal
communication strategies
There have been many attempts to categorise the ______, the number of categories varying according to perspective or discipline
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Some researchers classify ______ as either related to speaker’s first language (L1-based strategies) or to the target language (L2-based strategies)
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Non-verbal or non-linguistic strategies include ______
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Reduction strategies indicate negative performance as they comprise strategies that are employed to avoid sending the intended message
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Achievement strategies are speaker's attempts to send the message by using different communication strategies such as code switching or paraphrase
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______ include language switch or foreignasing
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______ include word coinage or description
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Reduction strategies are employed to avoid sending the intended message
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Achievement strategies are used to send the message by using different communication strategies
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