Antiarrhythmic agents

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Which phase of the Cardiac Action Potential is characterized by slow calcium influx through L-type Ca++ channels?

Phase 1: Partial repolarisation

Phase 0: Depolarisation phase

Phase 3: Repolarisation phase

Phase 2: Plateau phase (correct)

What causes the partial repolarization during Phase 1 of the Cardiac Action Potential?

Efflux of potassium

Inactivation of sodium channels (correct)

Fast sodium entry

Slow calcium influx

Which phase of the Cardiac Action Potential is characterized by the resting state for non-nodal cells?

Phase 0: Depolarisation phase

Phase 2: Plateau phase

Phase 1: Partial repolarisation

Phase 4: Resting state (correct)

What is the main cause of repolarization during Phase 3 of the Cardiac Action Potential?

Efflux of K+ Signup and view all the answers

Which cells experience repolarization during Phase 3 of the Cardiac Action Potential?

Both nodal and non-nodal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of depolarization during Phase 0 of the Cardiac Action Potential for nodal cells?

Slow calcium entry Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the Cardiac Action Potential is characterized by spontaneous diastolic drift due to Na+ and Ca++ entry in nodal cells?

Phase 4 Signup and view all the answers

Which medication enhances vagal tone and reduces sinoatrial rate and conduction velocity through AV nodes?

Digoxin Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is an agonist at cardiac A1 receptors and activates K+ channels, resulting in negative dromotropic and chronotropic effects?

Adenosine Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is nature's physiologic calcium blocker and can inhibit or enhance intracellular calcium by regulating Mg2+ levels?

Magnesium sulfate Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is commonly used for the control of ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias?

Digoxin Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is used for the diagnosis and termination of supraventricular arrhythmias, replacing Verapamil?

Adenosine Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is commonly used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias caused by hypomagnesemia, such as VT/VF?

Magnesium sulfate Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is associated with adverse effects such as GI discomfort and diarrhea?

Magnesium sulfate Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is associated with adverse effects such as dyspnea, facial flushing, and chest pain?

Adenosine Signup and view all the answers

Which medication is associated with adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, visual disturbances, gynecomastia, and CNS effects?

Digoxin Signup and view all the answers

Which antiarrhythmic agent is the first-line treatment for symptomatic sinus bradycardia or AV block?

Atropine Signup and view all the answers

Which antiarrhythmic agent is a beta-1/2 adrenoceptor agonist and is used to treat AV block and bradycardia?

Isoproterenol Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antiarrhythmic drugs blocks fast sodium channels in non-nodal cells, inhibiting or slowing Phase 0 depolarization and Phase 4 Na+ currents?

Class I Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a class III antiarrhythmic drug is associated with adverse effects such as thyroid disturbances, pulmonary fibrosis, and peripheral neuropathy?

Procainamide Signup and view all the answers

Which class IV antiarrhythmic drug blocks calcium influx via L-type Ca channels and is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation?

Verapamil Signup and view all the answers

Which calcium channel blocker is associated with adverse effects such as headache, fatigue, and heart block?

Diltiazem Signup and view all the answers

Which class of antiarrhythmic agent is the first-line drug for ventricular fibrillation and recurrent ventricular tachycardia?

Class III Signup and view all the answers

Which class II antiarrhythmic drug reduces heart rate and contractility, prolongs AV refractory period, and decreases phase 4 automaticity?

Beta blockers Signup and view all the answers

Which class III antiarrhythmic drug blocks K+ channels, prolongs APD and ERP, and is effective for ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias?

Amiodarone Signup and view all the answers

Which class I antiarrhythmic drug is associated with adverse effects such as diarrhea, rashes, and fever?

Quinidine Signup and view all the answers

Which ion channels are the target sites for anti-arrhythmic drugs?

Na, K, & Ca Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs slows conduction through the AV node and has its primary action directly on L-type calcium channels?

Diltiazem Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following drugs would improve symptoms of a patient with sinus bradycardia?

Atropine Signup and view all the answers

What is the main method of emergency treatment for serious dysrhythmias?

Physical means such as pacing or electrical cardioversion Signup and view all the answers

What are the classification categories of drugs for tachyarrhythmias according to Vaughan Williams?

Class I - Na channel blockers, Class II - Beta blockers, Class III - K channel blockers, Class IV - Ca channel blockers, Class V - unclassified Signup and view all the answers

How are bradyarrhythmias usually treated?

Antimuscarinic agents, beta 1 agonists, and pacemaker Signup and view all the answers

Antiarrhythmic agents

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Questions and Answers

Which phase of the Cardiac Action Potential is characterized by slow calcium influx through L-type Ca++ channels?

What causes the partial repolarization during Phase 1 of the Cardiac Action Potential?

Which phase of the Cardiac Action Potential is characterized by the resting state for non-nodal cells?

What is the main cause of repolarization during Phase 3 of the Cardiac Action Potential?

Which cells experience repolarization during Phase 3 of the Cardiac Action Potential?

What is the main cause of depolarization during Phase 0 of the Cardiac Action Potential for nodal cells?

Which phase of the Cardiac Action Potential is characterized by spontaneous diastolic drift due to Na+ and Ca++ entry in nodal cells?

Which medication enhances vagal tone and reduces sinoatrial rate and conduction velocity through AV nodes?

Which medication is an agonist at cardiac A1 receptors and activates K+ channels, resulting in negative dromotropic and chronotropic effects?

Which medication is nature's physiologic calcium blocker and can inhibit or enhance intracellular calcium by regulating Mg2+ levels?

Which medication is commonly used for the control of ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation and the treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias?

Which medication is used for the diagnosis and termination of supraventricular arrhythmias, replacing Verapamil?

Which medication is commonly used for the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias caused by hypomagnesemia, such as VT/VF?

Which medication is associated with adverse effects such as GI discomfort and diarrhea?

Which medication is associated with adverse effects such as dyspnea, facial flushing, and chest pain?

Which medication is associated with adverse effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, visual disturbances, gynecomastia, and CNS effects?

Which antiarrhythmic agent is the first-line treatment for symptomatic sinus bradycardia or AV block?

Which antiarrhythmic agent is a beta-1/2 adrenoceptor agonist and is used to treat AV block and bradycardia?

Which class of antiarrhythmic drugs blocks fast sodium channels in non-nodal cells, inhibiting or slowing Phase 0 depolarization and Phase 4 Na+ currents?

Which of the following is NOT a class III antiarrhythmic drug is associated with adverse effects such as thyroid disturbances, pulmonary fibrosis, and peripheral neuropathy?

Which class IV antiarrhythmic drug blocks calcium influx via L-type Ca channels and is used to control ventricular rate in atrial fibrillation?

Which calcium channel blocker is associated with adverse effects such as headache, fatigue, and heart block?

Which class of antiarrhythmic agent is the first-line drug for ventricular fibrillation and recurrent ventricular tachycardia?

Which class II antiarrhythmic drug reduces heart rate and contractility, prolongs AV refractory period, and decreases phase 4 automaticity?

Which class III antiarrhythmic drug blocks K+ channels, prolongs APD and ERP, and is effective for ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias?

Which class I antiarrhythmic drug is associated with adverse effects such as diarrhea, rashes, and fever?

Which ion channels are the target sites for anti-arrhythmic drugs?

Which of the following drugs slows conduction through the AV node and has its primary action directly on L-type calcium channels?

Which of the following drugs would improve symptoms of a patient with sinus bradycardia?

What is the main method of emergency treatment for serious dysrhythmias?

What are the classification categories of drugs for tachyarrhythmias according to Vaughan Williams?

How are bradyarrhythmias usually treated?

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