Master the Basics of Energy Metabolism and Enzymes

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Questions and Answers

Which type of reaction releases energy and is spontaneous?

  • Exergonic reaction (correct)
  • Cellular respiration
  • Endergonic reaction
  • Photosynthesis

Which type of reaction requires an input of energy and is non-spontaneous?

  • Exergonic reaction
  • Cellular respiration
  • Photosynthesis
  • Endergonic reaction (correct)

Which process does not require continuous energy input to continue?

  • Cellular respiration
  • Spontaneous process (correct)
  • Non-spontaneous process
  • Photosynthesis

Which process requires continuous energy input to proceed in a certain direction?

<p>Non-spontaneous process (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for Gibbs free energy?

<p>G = H - TS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative enthalpy change indicate in a chemical reaction?

<p>Exothermic reaction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law of thermodynamics states that every energy transfer or transformation increases the entropy or disorder of the universe?

<p>Second law of thermodynamics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is entropy?

<p>A measure of the amount of order or disorder of a system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is enthalpy?

<p>The amount of heat energy possessed by substances (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Gibbs free energy used for in chemistry?

<p>To determine whether a chemical process is spontaneous or non-spontaneous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do enzymes do in chemical reactions?

<p>Speed up chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy required (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is enzyme specificity?

<p>The ability of enzymes to work with multiple substrates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about metabolism?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of enzymes in metabolic pathways?

<p>Enzymes catalyze specific chemical reactions. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an anabolic reaction?

<p>The building of complex organic molecules from smaller ones. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of potential energy?

<p>Energy stored in an object due to its location or structure. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the second law of thermodynamics?

<p>Entropy tends to increase in a closed system over time. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of system exchanges both matter and energy with its surroundings?

<p>Open system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following best describes metabolism?

<p>The sum of all reactions that occur in cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is an example of a catabolic reaction?

<p>Breaking down large molecules into smaller molecules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following forms of energy is converted into chemical energy through photosynthesis?

<p>Solar energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following best describes a closed thermodynamic system?

<p>Energy can be exchanged between the surroundings and the system, but matter stays within the system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following best describes the first law of thermodynamics?

<p>The energy of the universe is constant and can be transferred or transformed but not created or destroyed (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is NOT a learning objective of the lecture?

<p>Catabolic and anabolic reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of a system plus its environment remains constant?

<p>First law of thermodynamics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a food chain, where does the energy from the sun go after being transferred to plants through photosynthesis?

<p>It passes from one organism to another as they are consumed (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law of thermodynamics states that during every energy transfer or transformation, some energy becomes unusable and is often lost as heat?

<p>Second law of thermodynamics (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does entropy measure in a system?

<p>The amount of order or disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Gibbs free energy used to determine in a chemical reaction?

<p>Whether the reaction occurs spontaneously or non-spontaneously (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for calculating Gibbs free energy?

<p>$G = H - TS$ (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of an exergonic reaction?

<p>Cellular respiration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for Gibbs free energy?

<p>G = H - TS (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about endothermic reactions?

<p>They require an input of energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of enzymes in chemical reactions?

<p>To decrease the activation energy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about enzyme-substrate association?

<p>It is temporary (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a catabolic reaction?

<p>Lipase breaking down lipids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which law of thermodynamics states that the total energy of a system plus its environment remains constant?

<p>First law of thermodynamics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following best describes a closed thermodynamic system?

<p>A system that cannot exchange matter or energy with its surroundings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for calculating Gibbs free energy?

<p>G = H - TS (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of enzymes in metabolic pathways?

<p>To increase the rate of chemical reactions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a negative enthalpy change indicate in a chemical reaction?

<p>The reaction is exothermic (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is entropy?

<p>A measure of the amount of order or disorder in a system (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes metabolism?

<p>The sum of all reactions occurring in cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of enzymes in metabolic pathways?

<p>To catalyze specific chemical reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is an example of an anabolic reaction?

<p>Building more complex organic molecules from smaller ones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of potential energy?

<p>Energy stored in an object due to its position or structure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following best describes a closed thermodynamic system?

<p>Energy can be exchanged, but matter stays within the system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is an example of a catabolic reaction?

<p>The breakdown of large molecules into smaller ones (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of reaction combines smaller molecules to form larger, more complex molecules and requires energy?

<p>Anabolic reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of enzymes in metabolic pathways?

<p>To catalyze each step in the pathway (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following best describes an open thermodynamic system?

<p>Matter and energy can flow in and out of the system (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first law of thermodynamics?

<p>Energy of the universe is constant and can be transferred or transformed but not created or destroyed (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following forms of energy is converted into chemical energy through photosynthesis?

<p>Solar energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three types of thermodynamic systems?

<p>Open, closed, and isolated (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following best describes Gibbs free energy?

<p>Gibbs free energy is a measure of the energy available to do work. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following best describes the role of enzymes in chemical reactions?

<p>Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following best explains enzyme specificity?

<p>Enzymes can only bind to a specific substrate. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following best describes the lock and key analogy for enzyme specificity?

<p>The lock represents the substrate and the key represents the product. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is an example of a spontaneous process?

<p>Ice melting (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which one of the following is an example of a non-spontaneous process?

<p>Plants photosynthesizing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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