Master Data Preprocessing
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Questions and Answers

What is the purpose of exploratory data analysis (EDA)?

  • To build up a general and detailed picture of the data (correct)
  • To save data in a universal format
  • To balance target variable classes
  • To select the most important features for modeling

What are the types of visualizations used in EDA?

  • Pie charts, line graphs, and scatter plots
  • Box plots, area charts, and tree maps
  • Histograms, bar charts, and heat maps
  • Univariate, bivariate, and multivariate (correct)

What are some examples of univariate analysis?

  • Tests for white noise, dimension reduction, clustering
  • Descriptive statistics, one-sample tests, tests for autocorrelation (correct)
  • Regression analysis, hypothesis testing, ANOVA
  • Time series analysis, survival analysis, decision trees

What is data imputation?

<p>The process of filling in missing values in real data (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of variables can logistic regression be used to predict?

<p>Nominal binary variables (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of logistic regression from an econometric perspective?

<p>Inference (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is interpreting logistic regression results more difficult than interpreting linear regression results?

<p>Because logistic regression results cannot be interpreted directly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of logistic regression in this course?

<p>Prediction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended for learning the principles of logistic regression from an econometric perspective?

<p>Chapter 5.2 of this course (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cost function used for logistic regression?

<p>Cross-entropy (log-loss) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the link function in GLM?

<p>To relate the linear model to the response variable (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of using logistic regression over linear regression?

<p>Logistic regression can handle non-linear relationships (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between binary logistic regression and multinomial logistic regression?

<p>Binary logistic regression can only handle two classes, while multinomial logistic regression can handle more than two classes (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the odds ratio in logistic regression?

<p>To compare the odds of an event occurring in two different groups (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of feature engineering during the ETL process?

<p>To transform sets into a form consumable by models (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of feature engineering after the ETL process?

<p>To improve the predictive power of the algorithm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of scaling to a range in numeric variable transformations?

<p>To uniformly distribute the feature across a fixed range (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of clipping (winsorization) in numeric variable transformations?

<p>To clip the feature if it is greater than max (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main challenge in feature engineering after the ETL process?

<p>Capturing non-linear relationships (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of multinomial logistic regression?

<p>To classify more than two classes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is logistic regression?

<p>A selected model representing the entire class of Generalized Linear Models (GLMs) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the sigmoid function?

<p>A mathematical function having a characteristic 'S'-shaped curve or sigmoid curve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the useful properties of the logistic function?

<p>It maps solution space to probability functions, it is differentiable (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What course is used in the text to present the concepts, mathematical foundations, and interpretation of logistic regression?

<p>Machine Learning University (MLU)-Explain course created by Amazon (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of machine learning over classical econometrics in terms of feature engineering?

<p>Machine learning algorithms are able to select relevant variables themselves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of super powerful encoders mentioned in the text?

<p>Hashing, BaseN, CatBoost (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a cautionary note given by the author regarding feature engineering in financial problems?

<p>We should not overdo our creativity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What types of interactions can we look for between variables during feature engineering?

<p>Numeric &amp; numeric, categorical &amp; categorical, or numeric &amp; categorical (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are some techniques for dealing with missing values in a dataset?

<p>Fill in the missing values using univariate or multivariate techniques (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should variables/columns with missing values be removed from a dataset?

<p>When the variable has more than 10% missing values (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is feature engineering?

<p>A process for generating new variables (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one way to fill in missing values for time series variables?

<p>Use the last or next observed value (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one multivariate technique for dealing with missing values in a dataset?

<p>Use a supervised machine learning algorithm like KNN (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of a problem statement worksheet in machine learning projects?

<p>To formalize the definition of the business task (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the elements of a data preparation process in machine learning projects?

<p>Data selection, data transformation, and data combination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of consulting firms in machine learning projects?

<p>To formulate a problem statement worksheet (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be applicable later on the test set in a machine learning project?

<p>Parameters learned on the training set for normalization (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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