CH 2: Topography associated with massive igneous rocks
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary process involved in the formation of massive igneous rocks?

  • Deposition of layers over time
  • Cooling and solidification of magma (correct)
  • Compaction of sediments
  • Erosion by weathering

    • How do most igneous rocks differ from sedimentary rocks in terms of their formation?

  • They are always found on the Earth's surface
  • They form in layers due to time deposition (correct)
  • They are primarily formed by erosion
  • They form from molten rock material

    • What distinguishes granite domes and tors as notable geological features?

  • Their volcanic origin
  • Their layering composition
  • Their exposure by weathering and erosion (correct)
  • Their formation from sedimentary rocks

    • Which type of intrusive body is typically composed of granite and known for its extensive landforms?

    <p>Batholiths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Intrusive igneous rock bodies form as a result of magma that:

    <p>Intrudes into spaces within the Earth's crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamental concepts in physical geography and geology involve the study of massive igneous structures?

    <p>Cooling and solidification of magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between laccoliths and lopoliths?

    <p>Laccoliths are mushroom-shaped while lopoliths are saucer-shaped.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes sills from dykes based on the provided text?

    <p>Sills are horizontal layers while dykes are wall-like intrusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are granite domes typically formed according to the text?

    <p>Granite domes arise from the erosion and exposure of batholiths or laccoliths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do pipes play in shaping the geological landscape based on the information provided?

    <p>Transporting magma from deep sources to or near the surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of tors as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Consist of piles of partially rounded boulders known as core stones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do granite domes become exposed at the surface according to the text?

    <p>Due to erosion and weathering removing overlying material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process primarily leads to the formation of tors?

    <p>Chemical weathering occurring below the surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key components of the Earth's crust that significantly influence the landscape and geomorphology?

    <p>Massive igneous rocks and associated landforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do most massive igneous rocks differ from sedimentary rocks in terms of their formation?

    <p>Most igneous rocks do not form in layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of intrusive igneous body is characterized by being the largest and composed of granite?

    <p>Batholiths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process leads to the formation of massive igneous rocks?

    <p>Cooling and solidification of magma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of massive igneous rock body forms as a direct consequence of magma intruding into spaces within the Earth's crust?

    <p>Batholiths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes granite domes and tors as notable geological features?

    <p>Their exposure through weathering and erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What fundamental concepts in physical geography and geology involve the study of massive igneous structures?

    <p>The processes leading to the formation of Earth's landforms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes laccoliths from sills based on the text?

    <p>Laccoliths form dome-like shapes, while sills form horizontal layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do lopoliths differ from dykes in terms of their formation?

    <p>Lopoliths are saucer-shaped intrusions, while dykes are wall-like and cut across existing strata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process primarily leads to the formation of granite domes?

    <p>Gradual removal of overlying material due to erosion and weathering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key characteristic that differentiates tors from granite domes?

    <p>Tors have partially rounded boulders piled up, whereas granite domes are large and smooth rock formations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do pipes differ from laccoliths in terms of their shape and formation?

    <p>Pipes are chimney-shaped intrusions that transport magma vertically, while laccoliths push overlying strata upwards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intrusive igneous rock body is known for its wall-like nature and vertical orientation?

    <p>Dyke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes a lopolith from a sill based on their intrusive nature?

    <p>Sills are horizontal layers, while lopoliths form saucer-shaped intrusions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distinguishing feature of dykes compared to lopoliths?

    <p>Dykes cut across existing strata vertically, whereas lopoliths create horizontal layers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes granite domes from sedimentary rocks in terms of their formation?

    <p>Granite domes form from the solidification of magma below the Earth's surface, while sedimentary rocks form from layers of deposited material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key process leads to the formation of intrusive igneous rock bodies?

    <p>Magma intrusion into spaces within the Earth's crust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do batholiths differ from other types of intrusive bodies?

    <p>Batholiths are the largest forms of intrusive bodies and are usually composed of granite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes tor formations from granite domes?

    <p>Tor formations are exclusively found on the surface, while granite domes can be both above and below ground.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic feature is common to most massive igneous rocks compared to sedimentary rocks?

    <p>Massive igneous rocks primarily form when magma cools and solidifies underground, unlike sedimentary rocks that accumulate sediments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process primarily leads to the formation of batholiths?

    <p>Magma intrusion and solidification beneath the Earth's surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes intrusive igneous rock bodies from extrusive igneous rock formations?

    <p>Intrusive bodies form below the Earth's surface from magma intrusions, while extrusive formations cool on the Earth's surface after volcanic eruptions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes laccoliths from lopoliths in terms of their intrusion characteristics?

    <p>Laccoliths push overlying strata upwards, while lopoliths cause the lower layer to sink.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which rock formations are characterized by piles of partially rounded boulders known as core stones?

    <p>Tors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do granite domes differ from granite tors in terms of their shapes?

    <p>Granite domes are large, smooth, and rounded, while granite tors are stacks of partially rounded boulders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process responsible for the formation of tors?

    <p>Expansion of vertical and horizontal joints in the rock due to chemical weathering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sills differ from dykes based on their orientation within existing strata?

    <p>Sills are wall-like intrusions cutting across strata vertically, while dykes are horizontal layers formed from spreading magma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process contributes most significantly to the formation of granite domes?

    <p>Gradual erosion and removal of overlying material revealing the dome beneath.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of their composition and structure, which intrusive body is characterized by being the largest and composed of granite?

    <p>Batholiths</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do pipes differ from laccoliths in their shape and function?

    <p>Pipes are horizontal layers formed as magma spreads out, while laccoliths are chimney-shaped intrusions transporting magma from deep sources.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes granite domes from tors based on their respective shapes?

    <p>Granite domes are large, smooth, and rounded rock formations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sills differ from dykes in terms of their formation and orientation?

    <p>Dykes form horizontally between rock layers, while sills cut vertically across existing strata.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What geological process contributes significantly to the formation of tors as unique rock formations?

    <p>Expansion of vertical and horizontal joints due to chemical weathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intrusive body is characterized by being wall-like and cutting vertically across existing strata?

    <p>Sill</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of visible features, what sets laccoliths apart from lopoliths and dykes?

    <p>Laccoliths create dome-like shapes by pushing the overlying strata upwards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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