102 Questions
What is the purpose of Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) Release Technique? (PROPRIOCEPTIVE TECHNIQUE)
Reduces tone and spasm
Where are proprioceptors found?
In muscle bellies, tendons, and joint capsules
When is GTO Release Technique particularly useful? (PROPRIOCEPTIVE TECHNIQUE)
When onsite petrissage is ineffective
What are the indications for GTO Release Technique?
Stiffness in muscles
What is a contraindication for GTO Release Technique?
Hypotonic or atonic muscles
How should the affected tissue be prepared before applying GTO Release Technique?
Warm up affected tissue with effleurage and specific petrissage
What is the purpose of the Origin and Insertion Technique? (PROPRIOCEPTIVE TECHNIQUE)
To reduce tone and spasm in muscles
Which technique is used for muscles with a large, broad bony attachment? (PROPRIOCEPTIVE TECHNIQUE)
Muscle Approximation Technique
What is the main purpose of Deep Myofascial Techniques?
To increase muscle tone and spasm
When would you use the Bear Claw technique? (DEEP MYO FASCIAL TECHNIQUES NO OIL)
To clear the inferior iliac crest and hip area
What is a contraindication for the Muscle Approximation Technique? (PROPRIOCEPTIVE TECHNIQUE)
Painful conditions local to the muscle belly
What is the purpose of Skin Rolling? (DEEP MYO FASCIAL TECHNIQUES NO OIL)
To stretch the skin
What sensation is associated with Deep Myofascial Techniques?
Rope burn feeling
What is a contraindication for the Origin and Insertion Technique?
Painful conditions local to the tendon
In which technique are systematic friction-like strokes applied along the entire origin and insertion?
Origin and Insertion Technique
What does the Muscle Approximation Technique aim to do?
Decrease muscle tone and spasm
What is a purpose of the cutting technique? (DEEP MYO FASCIAL TECHNIQUES NO OIL)
To open up the length of vertically oriented fascia
What is a contraindication for using fascial torquing technique? (DEEP MYO FASCIAL TECHNIQUES NO OIL)
Painful conditions local to the tendon
What technique involves stroking along the muscle fibres while the muscle or limb is lengthening passively or actively? (DEEP MYO FASCIAL TECHNIQUES NO OIL)
Pin and Stretch
What is the direction of force when the muscle fibre is vertical?
Cephalad
What action should be taken if the goal is to reduce edema?
Finish with Swedish drainage technique
Which condition is a contraindication for lymphatic drainage massage? (MANUAL LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE)
Acute infection
What should be the pressure when performing manual lymphatic drainage?
Light and alternating
What should be done first when incorporating MLD into a general Swedish massage?
Treat all other conditions first using GSM
What should be removed before starting the MLD protocol?
All constrictions to the affected area
When should hydrotherapy be applied for chronic conditions? (MANUAL LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE)
Apply warm to decrease gelling of edema
What is the primary purpose of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD)?
To reduce inflammation and remove metabolic waste.
What is an indication for lymphatic drainage massage?
Thrombosis (blood clot)
What type of massage increases local circulation for 2-3 hours post-massage?
Swedish drainage
What action should be taken if there is an obstruction in the lymph flow, such as scar tissue?
Treat with a certified lymphedema therapist
Which technique involves using a repetitive non-gliding technique to penetrate dense connective tissue? (FRICTIONS TECHNIQUE)
Frictions
In Swedish Lymphatic Drainage, how should the treatment be adjusted for chronic cases?
Work distal and through the injury site
What is the purpose of frictions in massage therapy?
To break down existing scar tissue
Which area is NOT considered a lymph node in Swedish Lymphatic Drainage?
Medial thigh
What is the recommended direction for pumping in Swedish Lymphatic Drainage for the upper extremity?
Towards axilla (armpit)
How should the massage treatment be adjusted for acute cases in Swedish Lymphatic Drainage?
No treatment distal or through injury site
What sensation can clients experience during deep myofascial techniques without oil?
Burning sensation
What is the primary purpose of deep myofascial techniques without oil?
To stretch the skin
Which technique involves using a repetitive non-gliding technique to penetrate dense connective tissue?
Deep transverse friction technique
When would hydrotherapy be applied for chronic conditions in manual lymphatic drainage?
After the massage treatment
What is the primary purpose of manual lymphatic drainage (MLD)?
To reduce edema and remove metabolic waste
When would the Bear Claw technique be used? (DEEP MYO FASCIAL TECHNIQUES NO OIL)
For penetrating dense connective tissue
What is a contraindication for using fascial torquing technique? (DEEP MYO FASCIAL TECHNIQUES NO OIL)
Carpal tunnel syndrome
Where are proprioceptors found?
In muscles and tendons
Which statement accurately describes the concept of fascial transmission?
Fascia shortening in one area can affect another area due to fascial connections.
Which technique assesses fascial restrictions by moving the skin over deeper structures in cardinal planes?
Fascial glide
What is the primary characteristic of a direct technique in fascia release?
Movement is towards the restriction or adhesions
Which statement accurately describes the sensation associated with intense direct fascial release techniques?
Clients may experience a painful burning sensation, described as a 'rope burn' feeling.
What is the purpose of slow skin rolling during fascial assessment?
To identify areas of fascial restriction or trigger points
Which technique involves passively moving a limb or body part until a barrier to motion is reached?
Positional testing
What is the primary purpose of the J-stroke technique in fascial therapy?
To release multiple barriers in the fascia with motion
What distinguishes vertical stroking from strumming in fascial therapy?
Vertical stroking opens up longitudinally-oriented superficial fascia, while strumming is more transverse in nature.
When would the Bear Claw technique be most appropriately utilized in fascial therapy?
For clients with sciatic pain and lower quadrant dysfunction
Which technique involves applying counter pressure with one hand and pressure with the opposite hand along the length of a limb or specific muscle groups?
Cross hand fascial stretch
What sensation can clients often feel when muscle fibers are treated effectively during strumming in fascial therapy?
Piano wire-like sensation
Which method is NOT used during Pin and Stretch technique in fascial therapy?
Petrissage
What distinguishes the Vertical Stroking technique from direct friction-like strokes?
Vertical stroking applies slow strokes longitudinally, whereas friction-like strokes are quick.
'Bear Claw' technique is used to target which areas of the body in fascial therapy?
'Gluteal and hip regions' and 'posterior inferior border of the iliac crest'
'Cutting technique' in fascial therapy involves which of the following actions?
'Breaking bonds between fibres of CT'
Proprioceptors are specialized sense receptors found in muscle bellies, tendons, joint capsules, and the special sense organs. Types of proprioceptors include Golgi Tendon Organs and __________.
Muscle spindles
The Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) is located at the __________ junction.
musculotendinous
The Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) inhibits muscle contraction when tension in the tendon becomes too __________.
high
The Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) prevents tendon rupture or muscle injury from over-__________.
contraction
The load on the tendon can be intrinsic via intrafusal muscle fibers or extrinsic via __________ muscle fibers.
extrafusal
The Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) is an inhibitor of muscle contraction and is located at the musculotendinous junction to detect stress placed on the __________.
tendon
The Origin and Insertion Technique is used on muscles with a large, broad ______ attachment.
bony
The Muscle Approximation Technique decreases tone or ______ in muscle by affecting the muscle spindle.
spasm
A contraindication for the Muscle Approximation Technique is ______ conditions local to the muscle belly.
acute
In the Origin and Insertion Technique, cross-fiber and with-fiber strokes are applied on the same spot creating an ______ at least 2 times each way within the one spot.
plus
The Muscle Approximation Technique is used for muscles with many ______ or insertions that are not easily palpable.
origins
A contraindication for the Origin and Insertion Technique is ______ conditions, such as tendinitis.
acute tendon
When tension is placed on the tendon from a muscle contraction, the GTOs send information back to the central nervous system via the 1b afferent nerve about the changes in muscle force. This mechanism is the foundation of the __________ technique.
Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) Release
The major sensory receptor within the muscle belly is the __________.
Muscle Spindle
The muscle spindle fibers lie parallel to the __________ fibers.
extrafusal
In a pathological state, such as a muscle spasm, it is said that the muscle spindle activity is set too high. The more intense the stretch or the quicker the stretch, the greater the activation of these nerve endings. This information sent to the spinal cord causes a reflexive muscle contraction known as the Muscle _________ Reflex.
Stretch
The Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) Release Technique is particularly useful when onsite petrissage is too painful or ineffective. Best for treating tendons which are long and easily palpable, such as the Achilles, biceps brachii, hamstrings, and forearm __________.
tendons
The Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) Release Technique helps reduce tone and spasm. It is contraindicated for hypotonic or __________ muscles.
atonic
The Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) Release Technique involves direct compression or torquing of the tendon, near the musculotendinous junction using finger or body reinforcement, without gliding over the skin. The main goal is to reduce tone and spasm within the client’s pain tolerance by applying moderate to deep or with S or C __________.
bowing
The Origin and Insertion (O&I) Technique helps reduce tone and spasm especially when direct petrissage of a muscle belly is too painful or ineffective. It aims to work on the __________ of muscles.
origin and insertion
The Origin and Insertion (O&I) Technique involves reducing tone and spasm by applying direct compression or torquing near the musculotendinous junction using finger or body reinforcement, without gliding over the skin. The technique is particularly useful for muscles with a large, broad __________ attachment.
bony
The muscle approximation technique aims to decrease pressure off the muscle spindle and nuclear bag to decrease muscle tone of the muscle belly. This is achieved by approximating, or bringing the muscle tissue closer together, and releasing tension on the nuclear bag to cause a reflexive decrease in muscle __________.
contraction
The Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) is located at the musculotendinous junction.
True
Proprioceptors are specialized sense receptors found only in muscle bellies.
False
The Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) inhibits muscle contraction when tension in the tendon becomes too high.
True
The load on the tendon can only be intrinsic via intrafusal muscle fibers, not extrinsic via extrafusal muscle fibers.
False
Muscle spindles detect the stretch and tension on tendon tissue.
False
The major sensory receptor within the muscle belly is the Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO).
False
The Muscle Approximation Technique is used for muscles with many origins and insertions that are easily palpable.
False
The Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) Release Technique involves applying direct compression or torquing near the musculotendinous junction without gliding over the skin.
True
Acute tendon conditions, such as tendinitis, are contraindicated for the Origin and Insertion Technique.
True
The Muscle Approximation Technique involves bringing the origins and insertions of a muscle closer together.
True
The Origin and Insertion Technique is applied using gliding strokes over the skin.
False
The Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) is responsible for detecting changes in muscle force during contraction.
True
When too much stress is placed on the tendon, the GTO signals inhibit further muscle contraction, resulting in relaxation and decreased tone.
True
The muscle spindle is located within the tendon and detects changes in muscle length.
False
The intrafusal fibers of the muscle spindle are innervated by gamma motor neurons.
True
The GTO Release Technique is contraindicated for acute tendon conditions, such as tendinitis.
True
The Origin and Insertion (O&I) Technique involves gliding over the skin while applying compression or torquing near the musculotendinous junction.
False
The muscle spindle is sensitive to the rate and duration of stretch applied to the muscle.
True
The GTO Release Technique is best suited for treating short, broad tendons.
False
The muscle approximation technique aims to decrease pressure off the muscle spindle and nuclear bag, thereby decreasing muscle tone.
True
In a pathological state, such as a muscle spasm, the muscle spindle activity is set too low.
False
Study Notes
Fascial Assessment
- Fascial shortening in one area of the body can affect another area, e.g., shortening around the left hip can affect the right shoulder due to the fascial component of the left gluteus maximus and the right latissimus dorsi.
- Three methods of fascial assessment:
- Slow skin rolling for resistance to superficial fascia: indicates fascial restriction and possibly trigger points.
- Fascial glide: therapist's hands contact skin and move or glide over deeper structures in cardinal planes (anterior/posterior, superior/inferior, and lateral/medial).
- Positional testing: passively moving a limb or body part through its range of motion until a barrier to motion is reached (subtle or obvious barrier).
Techniques
- Two categories of techniques: direct and indirect.
- Direct techniques:
- Engage the tissue barrier and then go beyond it carefully.
- Break down bonds between connective tissue fibers.
- Can cause a burning sensation (like rope burn).
- Techniques:
- Skin rolling: can be used in assessment and treatment.
- Cross-hand fascial stretch (sustained).
- Fascial spreading with fingers/thumbs.
- Cutting technique.
- Fascial torquing (sustained or motion).
- S-bowing fascial technique (sustained).
- C-bowing fascial technique (sustained).
- J-stroke.
Proprioceptive Techniques
- Proprioception: the central nervous system's ability to detect the position and movement of body parts in space.
- Proprioceptors: specialized sense receptors found in muscle bellies, tendons, joint capsules, and special sense organs.
- Types of proprioceptors:
- Golgi tendon organs (GTOs): detect stretch and tension on tendons.
- Muscle spindles: detect stretch and tension on muscle tissue.
Golgi Tendon Organ (GTO) Release Technique
- Reduces tone and spasm.
- Particularly useful when onsite petrissage is too painful or ineffective.
- Best for treating tendons that are long and easily palpable.
- Indications: spasm in muscles, hypertonic muscles, and when onsite massage is too painful.
- Contraindications: painful conditions local to the tendon, acute tendon conditions, hypotonic or atonic muscles, tissue fragility, pathologies of connective tissue, and skin lesions.
- Application:
- Warm up affected tissue with effleurage and specific petrissage.
- Direct compression or torquing of the tendon near the musculotendinous junction using finger or body reinforcement.
- Duration: 30 seconds or until tone decreases.
- Rate: slow smooth application.
- Moderate-heavy pressure within the client's pain tolerance.
Muscle Approximation Technique
- Decreases tone or spasm in muscle by affecting the muscle spindle.
- Used for muscles with many origins, insertions, or tendons that are not easily palpable.
- Indications: spasm in muscles, hypertonic muscles, and when onsite massage is too painful.
- Contraindications: painful conditions local to the muscle belly, acute conditions local to the muscle, hypotonic or atonic muscles, tissue fragility, connective tissue pathologies, and skin lesions.
- Application:
- Warm up tissue using effleurage and specific petrissage.
- Approximating - bringing the ends of the muscle together.
- With a broad contact surface, press into the ends of the muscle and bring your hands closer together.
- Do not glide over the skin.
- Rate: slow smooth application.
- Duration: 30 seconds – 2 minutes or until muscle tone decreases.
- Pressure: according to Rattray, use 2 lbs of pressure to approximate the ends of the muscle.
Origin and Insertion (O&I) Technique
- Reduces tone and spasm.
- Used for muscles with a large, broad bony attachment.
- Indications: spasm in muscles, hypertonic muscles, and when onsite massage is too painful.
- Contraindications: painful conditions local to the tendon, acute tendon conditions, hypotonic or atonic muscles, tissue fragility, pathologies of connective tissue, and skin lesions.
- Application:
- Warm up tissue using effleurage and specific petrissage.
- Systematic friction-like strokes along the entire origin and insertion.
- Move along the entire origin and insertion.
- Force is applied with a reinforced thumb or finger.
- Rate: slow smooth application.
- Pressure: moderate to deep or within the client's pain tolerance.
Learn about the pin and stretch massage technique, which involves stroking along the muscle fibers while the muscle or limb is lengthening passively or actively. Understand the direction of force, variations in pressure, and contraindications for this specific technique.
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