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Questions and Answers
What was the initial justification for the President's Surveillance Program (PSP) from October 2001 to March 2004?
What was the focus of the President's Surveillance Program (PSP) during the initial three years?
When did the administration transition to reliance on Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) authority?
What was the NSA's code name for the information collected by the President's Surveillance Program (PSP)?
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What is the primary focus of mass surveillance?
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What does mass surveillance yield in terms of data collection?
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How does mass surveillance contrast with ordinary wiretapping under the Wiretap Act?
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What is the relevance-ratio of terrorist-related communications in bulk collection compared to targeted collection?
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Under what circumstances can mass surveillance be carried out?
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What does Presidential Policy Directive 28 allow?
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Where does the data collected from mass surveillance end up?
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What was the initial purpose of the President’s Surveillance Program (PSP)?
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What is the focus of mass surveillance in terms of gathering intelligence?
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What does mass surveillance typically lack in comparison to ordinary law enforcement?
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What does mass surveillance involve in terms of obtaining communications?
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What does mass surveillance allow in terms of obtaining communications?
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President Bush authorized mass surveillance without a judicially-authorized Fourth Amendment warrant or any other court approval
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The President's Surveillance Program (PSP) transitioned to reliance on Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA) authority in March 2004
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The initial three years of the President's Surveillance Program (PSP) focused exclusively on domestic terrorism
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The program was claimed to be based on the President's authority under Article II of the Constitution
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Mass surveillance focuses solely on acquiring communications related to foreign-connected terrorists
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FISA allows obtaining communications of domestic terrorists and criminals with any ideology
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The relevance-ratio of terrorist-related communications in bulk collection is higher than in targeted collection
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Mass surveillance can only be carried out using specific identifiers
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Presidential Policy Directive 28 does not allow intelligence gathering for detecting cybersecurity threats
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Data collected from mass surveillance ends up only with the NSA
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The President's Surveillance Program (PSP) was initiated after 9/11 to collect essential information to discover al-Qaeda sleeper cells within the U.S.
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Mass surveillance is strictly time-limited, unlike surveillance under the Wiretap Act
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The primary focus of mass surveillance is to obtain evidence regarding specific crimes
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Mass surveillance is limited to obtaining evidence regarding specific crimes
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Mass surveillance always complies with Fourth Amendment procedural protections in ordinary law enforcement
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Mass surveillance is more strictly time-limited than surveillance under the Wiretap Act
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Study Notes
Mass Surveillance and the President’s Surveillance Program
- Mass surveillance involves acquiring hundreds of millions of communications yearly, regardless of suspicion, focusing on foreign-connected terrorists.
- FISA allows obtaining communications of domestic terrorists and criminals with any ideology.
- Mass surveillance yields "bulk collection" of data, including non-target identifiers like phone numbers and email addresses.
- Relevance-ratio of terrorist-related communications in bulk collection is lower than in targeted collection.
- Mass surveillance can be carried out without using specific identifiers or with very general discriminants.
- It is typically carried out without complying with Fourth Amendment procedural protections in ordinary law enforcement.
- Presidential Policy Directive 28 allows intelligence in bulk for detecting espionage, threats, cybersecurity, and transnational criminal threats.
- Data collected end up with FBI, federal prosecutors, National Counterterrorism Center, and Terrorist Screening Center.
- Mass surveillance contrasts with the requirements for obtaining a court order for ordinary wiretapping under the Wiretap Act.
- The President’s Surveillance Program (PSP) was initiated after 9/11 to collect essential information to discover al-Qaeda sleeper cells within the U.S.
- Mass surveillance focuses on gathering foreign intelligence and is not limited to obtaining evidence regarding specific crimes.
- Mass surveillance is less strictly time-limited than surveillance under the Wiretap Act and can result in the collection of communications unrelated to foreign intelligence.
Mass Surveillance and the President’s Surveillance Program
- Mass surveillance involves acquiring hundreds of millions of communications yearly, regardless of suspicion, focusing on foreign-connected terrorists.
- FISA allows obtaining communications of domestic terrorists and criminals with any ideology.
- Mass surveillance yields "bulk collection" of data, including non-target identifiers like phone numbers and email addresses.
- Relevance-ratio of terrorist-related communications in bulk collection is lower than in targeted collection.
- Mass surveillance can be carried out without using specific identifiers or with very general discriminants.
- It is typically carried out without complying with Fourth Amendment procedural protections in ordinary law enforcement.
- Presidential Policy Directive 28 allows intelligence in bulk for detecting espionage, threats, cybersecurity, and transnational criminal threats.
- Data collected end up with FBI, federal prosecutors, National Counterterrorism Center, and Terrorist Screening Center.
- Mass surveillance contrasts with the requirements for obtaining a court order for ordinary wiretapping under the Wiretap Act.
- The President’s Surveillance Program (PSP) was initiated after 9/11 to collect essential information to discover al-Qaeda sleeper cells within the U.S.
- Mass surveillance focuses on gathering foreign intelligence and is not limited to obtaining evidence regarding specific crimes.
- Mass surveillance is less strictly time-limited than surveillance under the Wiretap Act and can result in the collection of communications unrelated to foreign intelligence.
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Description
Test your knowledge of mass surveillance and the President’s Surveillance Program with this quiz. Explore the key aspects of mass surveillance, including bulk data collection, FISA, and the implications for privacy and national security. Delve into the differences between mass surveillance and traditional wiretapping, as well as the legal and policy frameworks governing these practices.
