Mass on a Spring Dynamics Quiz

Kinetic Energy = Energy associated with motion Potential Energy = Energy stored due to position Acceleration = Rate of change of velocity Mass = Amount of matter in an object

$F_{spring,x}= -k * x$ = Hooke's Law for springs $E_{total} = K + U_{elastic}$ = Total mechanical energy of oscillating system $v_{max} = A / ext{m}$ = Maximum speed at midpoint of oscillation $x(t) = A \cos(t)$ = Displacement in simple harmonic motion

Under-damping = Completes a single oscillation with decreasing energy Overdamping = Never completes a single oscillation Driven oscillations = Oscillates at the driving frequency Damping = Gradually reduces total mechanical energy

<p>$K$ = Kinetic energy $U_{grav}$ = Gravitational potential energy $T_0$ = Period of natural frequency $f_0$ = Natural frequency of the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Maximum force and acceleration = Occurs at endpoints of oscillation Zero force and acceleration = Occurs at midpoint (x = 0) Decreasing amplitude = Results from under-damping Unchanged frequency = Occurs in damped oscillations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total mechanical energy at endpoints = $E_{total} = m * g * y_{max}$ Elastic potential energy = $U_{elastic} = \frac{1}{2} k x^2$ Maximum kinetic energy = $K = \frac{1}{2} m v^2$ Velocity at position x = $v_x = km(A^2 - x^2)$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Driving force = Periodic force exerted on system Natural frequency = Frequency at which a system naturally oscillates Resonance = Condition when driving frequency matches natural frequency Negative work = Function performed by damping on the system</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Total mechanical energy at midpoint = $E_{total} = \frac{1}{2} mv_{max}^2$ Velocity at maximum height = $v_{max} = \sqrt{2g y_{max}}$ Gravitational potential energy = $U_{grav} = m g y$ Kinetic energy = $K = \frac{1}{2} mv^2$</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conduction = Transfer of heat via direct contact Convection = Bulk motion and mixing of fluids Radiation = Transport of energy via light waves Thermal Equilibrium = Heat flow from hot to cold until equal</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Celsius = Centigrade scale with 100 degrees between freezing and boiling Kelvin = Absolute temperature scale starting from absolute zero Absolute Zero = Cessation of all thermal motion Thermal Energy = Related to microscopic kinetic energy of particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Calorie = 4184 Joules Dietary Calorie = 1000 calories British Thermal Unit = 252 calories Kilocalorie = 1 dietary calorie</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Linear Expansion = $L = L_0 eta riangle T$ Volume Expansion = $V = V_0 eta riangle T$ Coefficient of Thermal Expansion = Measures size increase due to temperature Change in Temperature = Can be in Celsius or Kelvin</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics = If A and B are equal, and B and C are equal, then A and C are equal Ideal Gas Law = $P_1 V_1 T_1 = P_2 V_2 T_2$ Equivalency of Heat and Mechanical Energy = Heat equals thermal energy change in a substance Calorimetry = The sum of heat changes in a system equals zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Q = Heat added or removed m = Mass of the substance c = Specific heat in J/kg·C T = Change in temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural Convection = Hotter parcels rise due to lower density Forced Convection = Bulk motion caused by non-buoyant forces Thermal Conductivity = Depends on material's ability to conduct heat Insulators = Materials that do not conduct heat well</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conduction = Usually slow Natural Convection = Faster than conduction Forced Convection = Much faster than natural convection Radiation = Very fast, does not require matter</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thermal Equilibrium = Heat transfer until temperature equalization Co-efficient of Linear Expansion = Describes length change with temperature Heat Q = Amount of thermal energy change Absolute Temperature = Must use Kelvin for thermodynamic calculations</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transverse waves = Displacement is perpendicular to propagation Longitudinal waves = Displacement is parallel to propagation Mechanical waves = Require a medium to propagate Electromagnetic waves = Do not require a medium to propagate</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amplitude = Maximum displacement from equilibrium Wavelength = Distance between successive crests Frequency = Number of oscillations per unit time Period = Time taken for one complete cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Constructive interference = Displacements add to become larger Partially destructive interference = Displacements add to become smaller Completely destructive interference = Displacements add to become zero Superposition = Net displacement is the sum of individual displacements</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wave speed = v = f × λ Frequency of harmonics = f_n = n × f_1 Beat frequency = f_{beat} = |f_1 - f_2| Continuous wave equation = v = λ / T</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nodes = Locations of total destructive interference Antinodes = Locations of constructive interference Fundamental mode = Fewest nodes and antinodes Overtones = More nodes and antinodes than the fundamental</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amplitude = Perceived loudness Frequency = Perceived pitch Wave speed in dense medium = Slower wave speed Wave speed in tensioned mediums = Faster wave speed</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Source and listener approaching = Observed frequency increases Source and listener receding = Observed frequency decreases Moving observer towards stationary source = Pitch rises Moving observer away from stationary source = Pitch falls</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Beats = Amplitude oscillation from two waves with close frequencies Shock fronts = Formed when source speed exceeds wave speed Standing waves = Patterns formed from reflecting waves Superposition principle = Multiple waves combine in a medium</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transverse wave = Vibrating strings Longitudinal wave = Sound waves Electromagnetic wave = Light waves Surface wave = Waves at water-air interface</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pressure wave = Longitudinal wave Shear wave = Transverse wave Gravitational wave = Does not require a medium Sound wave = Requires a medium to travel</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Wave speed = May increase or decrease Frequency = Remains unchanged Amplitude = Can vary significantly Wavelength = Changes based on speed and frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Node = Point of no displacement Antinode = Point of maximum displacement Fundamental frequency = Lowest frequency mode Harmonic = Multiple of the fundamental frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Loudness = Perception of amplitude Pitch = Perception of frequency Tension in medium = Impacts wave speed Density of medium = Affects wave propagation speed</p> Signup and view all the answers