CH 2: Mass movements and human responses
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Questions and Answers

What is another term for mass movement?

  • Rock rolling
  • Gravity pull
  • Erosion
  • Mass wasting (correct)

    • What are the primary factors influencing mass movement?

  • Gravity and slope stability (correct)
  • Wind and rain
  • Temperature and precipitation
  • Sunlight and humidity

    • How can seismic activities trigger mass movement?

  • By stabilizing slopes
  • By reducing soil moisture
  • By enhancing soil cohesion
  • By altering slope stability (correct)

    • Which human activities can increase the vulnerability of slopes to mass movement?

    <p>Excavation and construction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to soil cohesion during heavy rains?

    <p>It reduces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does undercutting by natural forces impact slopes?

    <p>Can lead to slope collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does volcanic activity play in mass movement?

    <p>Destabilizes slopes through loose volcanic material deposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Geomorphology' is the study of:

    <p>Landforms and the processes shaping them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of a slope does gravity affect in mass movement?

    <p>Movement only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to understand the nuances of mass movement?

    <p>To mitigate impacts on landscapes and ecosystems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of mass movement is characterized by the imperceptibly slow downhill movement of soil?

    <p>Soil Creep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mass movement involves rapid flows of mud usually initiated in arid or semi-arid areas following intense rainfall?

    <p>Mud Flows</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of rock falls according to the text?

    <p>Weathering</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which impact of mass movement involves the redistribution of materials from higher to lower elevations?

    <p>Alteration of landscapes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do safety nets and barriers help mitigate the effects of mass movement?

    <p>Catch falling rocks or debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What strategy aims to reduce water infiltration into slope materials to lower the risk of slope failure?

    <p>Drainage Systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method provides physical support to unstable slopes, preventing collapse?

    <p>Retaining Walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of solifluction?

    <p>Slow movement of soil downhill globally on sloped terrains</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do rock bolts primarily stabilize according to the text?

    <p>Rock faces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does mass movement fundamentally alter, impact, and often affect?

    <p>Landscapes, ecosystems, and human infrastructures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which event can significantly destabilize slopes by causing rapid movement of earth materials?

    <p>Seismic activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can heavy rains contribute to mass movement?

    <p>By saturating soils and reducing their internal cohesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can modifications such as excavation, construction, and deforestation do to the vulnerability of slopes?

    <p>Increase it</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which natural process can lead to the erosion of the base of a slope causing its collapse?

    <p>Undercutting by waves or river action</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary way volcanic activity can lead to slope destabilization?

    <p>Depositing loose volcanic material</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which areas are rapid mud flows usually initiated following intense rainfall?

    <p>Arid or semi-arid areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Solifluction from other types of mass movement?

    <p>It involves the slow flow of water-saturated soil over impermeable materials in cold climates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which method specifically aims to prevent detachment and fall of rock faces?

    <p>Retaining Walls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental impact is a result of the redistribution of materials from higher to lower elevations due to mass movement?

    <p>Contribution to natural erosion processes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Soil Creep from other types of mass movement?

    <p>It is characterized by the imperceptibly slow movement of soil downhill.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mass movement is primarily caused by weathering and seismic activities?

    <p>Rock Falls</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which environments do Mud Flows usually initiate following intense rainfall?

    <p><em>Arid or semi-arid areas</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of Safety Nets and Barriers used in mass movement mitigation?

    <p><em>To catch falling rocks or debris</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do Rock Bolts contribute to mass movement mitigation?

    <p><em>By stabilizing rock faces to prevent detachment and fall</em></p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes mud flows from landslides?

    <p>Speed of movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does solifluction differ from rock falls?

    <p>Material composition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor that can lead to the formation of natural dams and lakes?

    <p>Blockage of rivers by landslide debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant difference between slumps and soil creep?

    <p>Direction of movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What sets rock bolts apart from retaining walls in mass movement mitigation?

    <p>Method of stabilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mass movement is most likely to occur in tundra environments?

    <p><strong>Solifluction</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do safety nets and barriers differ from drainage systems in mass movement mitigation?

    <p><strong>Safety nets and barriers</strong> focus on physical protection, <strong>drainage systems</strong> focus on water control.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vegetation planting contributes to mass movement mitigation by:

    <p><strong>Stabilizing slopes</strong> through root systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Rock falls primarily result from:

    <p><strong>Weathering and seismic activities.</strong></p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does seismic activity contribute to mass movement?

    <p>By altering the stability of slopes rapidly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common impact of heavy rains on soil in relation to mass movement?

    <p>Saturating soils and reducing cohesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can volcanic activity lead to slope destabilization according to the text?

    <p>By depositing loose volcanic material on slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does undercutting by natural forces have on slopes?

    <p>Leads to slope collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do human activities like deforestation play in slope vulnerability?

    <p>Increasing the vulnerability of slopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mass movements influence ecosystems?

    <p>By altering landscapes fundamentally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant outcome of mass movement on human infrastructures?

    <p>Impact and often affect them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of rapid landslides in terms of human impact?

    <p>Economic damages to agricultural lands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do mud flows differ from rock falls?

    <p>Mud flows are initiated by volcanic activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do safety nets and barriers play in mass movement mitigation strategies?

    <p>Stabilizing rock faces by mechanically reinforcing them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mass movement involves the imperceptibly slow downhill movement of soil globally?

    <p>Solifluction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can rock bolts contribute to mass movement mitigation strategies?

    <p>Stabilizing rock faces by mechanically reinforcing them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that can destabilize slopes by causing rapid movement of earth materials?

    <p>Earthquakes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do heavy rains contribute to mass movement?

    <p>By saturating soils, reducing their internal cohesion and increasing their weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does undercutting by natural forces have on slopes?

    <p>Causes them to collapse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can volcanic activity lead to slope destabilization?

    <p>Through the deposition of loose volcanic material or melting of snow and ice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes Solifluction from other types of mass movement?

    <p>It involves the imperceptibly slow downhill movement of soil</p> Signup and view all the answers

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