Questions and Answers
What are forms of communication that reach millions of people?
Name an example of mass media.
Television
The development of mass media went from __________ to __________ to __________ to __________.
Printing Press, Radio, Television, Internet
Mass media can be seen as an agent of social change.
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What is hypereality?
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Being alienated means being closely connected to friends and family.
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What is an example of evidence of hypereality?
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The hypodermic syringe model suggests that there is a __________ correlation between media portrayal and behavior.
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What does the uses and gratification approach suggest about media consumption?
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What is the pluralist view on mass media ownership?
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The Marxist view believes that mass media serves the interests of the ruling class.
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What do neo-liberals believe about the role of government in media?
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Propaganda consists of ideas spread to influence public opinion for or against a __________.
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Who are gatekeepers in the media context?
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Agenda setting refers to the selection of what is deemed unimportant news.
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How does mass media act as an agent of secondary socialization?
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What is the role of a spin doctor?
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What is meant by world information order?
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What does media imperialism refer to?
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Mass media reinforces a national sense of identity.
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What is the substitute hearth concept?
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How are women commonly portrayed in media stereotypes?
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What is a common media stereotype regarding ethnicity?
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Study Notes
Mass Media Overview
- Mass media consists of communication forms like newspapers, television, and radio that reach millions of people.
- Key examples include television, radio, cinema, newspapers, music, and the Internet.
Evolution of Mass Media
- Development timeline: Printing Press → Radio → Television → Internet.
Social Impact of Mass Media
- Mass media acts as an agent of social change, influencing social attitudes and government policies.
- The concept of hypereality emerges, where the distinction between reality and media representation blurs, affecting perception.
Alienation and Social Presence
- Alienation refers to being removed or disconnected from social groups, family, or homeland.
- The virtual world of social networking sites like "Second Life" exemplifies hypereality by allowing users to create alternate identities.
Media Influence Theories
- Hypodermic Syringe Model posits a direct correlation between media portrayals of violence and people's behavior, suggesting strong media influence.
- Uses and Gratification Approach emphasizes that individuals consume media for personal reasons, including social interaction, entertainment, and understanding identity.
Perspectives on Mass Media Ownership
- Pluralist View advocates for diverse corporate ownership in media as a sign of a healthy democracy, highlighted by the BBC's funding model.
- Marxist View critiques media as a tool for the ruling class to shape thoughts, with advertisements enhancing the influence of business owners on content.
- Neo-liberal View argues for minimal government involvement in media, advocating for private enterprise.
Media Dynamics
- Propaganda involves spreading ideas to influence public opinion, historicized through biased media in Nazi Germany.
- Gatekeepers, such as media executives and news editors, determine news presentation and content.
News Presentation Concepts
- Agenda Setting identifies the selection of newsworthiness and influences public interest.
Role in Socialization
- Mass media serves as an agent of secondary socialization, providing alternate lessons on gender roles and social behavior beyond family teachings.
Additional Roles in Communication
- Spin doctors are campaign advisers aimed at shaping journalist narratives around events.
- The World Information Order refers to a global communication network that connects through various media technologies.
Media Imperialism
- Media imperialism describes cultural domination via media, particularly associated with the pervasive influence of American culture.
National Identity
- In Britain, mass media contributes significantly to national identity and cultural value transmission, although American media may counterbalance this effect.
Changes in Social Interaction Spaces
- The term Substitute Hearth reflects how television has become the focal point of the living room, replacing traditional gathering places like the fireplace.
Media Role in Gender and Ethnic Stereotypes
- Media stereotypes often depict women in limited roles such as homemakers or sexual objects, which persist despite evolving attitudes.
- Ethnic minorities frequently face portrayal as societal threats, a narrative trend observed in the media during the late 20th century.
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Description
This quiz explores the various forms and evolution of mass media, including newspapers, television, and the internet. It also delves into their social impact, including concepts like hypereality and alienation. Test your knowledge on how mass media influences society and individual perceptions.
