Mass and Volume

Matter and Its Properties

• Matter is the fundamental component of the physical world, defined as anything that occupies physical space and has mass and volume.

Mass and Volume

• Mass is a property that measures the amount of matter in an object, quantifying the amount of matter present.
• Volume is the amount of space an object occupies, measuring the quantity of three-dimensional space that matter takes up.
• Both mass and volume are extensive properties, dependent on the quantity of a substance.

Key Differences Between Mass and Volume

• Mass remains constant, whereas volume changes with shapes and according to the state of matter.
• The unit of measurement for mass is kilograms (kg), grams (g), pounds (lb), ounces (oz), and tons, while the unit of measurement for volume is cubic meters (m3), liters (L), milliliters (mL), and cubic centimeters (cm3).

Volume of Different Shapes

• Volume of a sphere: V = (4/3)πr^3
• Volume of a cube: V = d^3
• Volume of a cuboid: V = lhw
• Volume of a cylinder: V = πr^2h

Relationship Between Mass and Volume

• Density is the ratio of mass to volume, measuring the quantity of a substance per unit volume.
• Density is an intensive property, dependent on the type of substance, not its quantity.

Converting Between Mass and Volume

• To find mass from volume, use the formula: m = ρV
• To find volume from mass, use the formula: V = m/ρ

Unit Conversion of Mass and Volume

• 1 kg = 1000 g = 2.204 lb
• 1 m3 = 1000 cm3 = 1000 L
• Other conversions can be found in the table provided.

Examples of Mass and Volume Calculations

• Example 1: Calculate the mass of water and oil in a beaker using density and volume.
• Example 2: Find the volume of water in a graduated cylinder using mass and density.
• Example 3: Calculate the density of ethanol in a cylinder using mass and volume.