Masonry Tools and Materials Overview
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Questions and Answers

In masonry work, what tool is used to make long horizontal joints?

Sled runner jointer

Refer to the figure. Symbols on plans are used to represent building materials. What does the symbol shown below represent?

  • Plaster
  • Steel
  • Dimension lumber
  • Rubble (correct)

How many cubic feet of mortar are required for a single wythe brick wall that measures 200 sq feet, has 3/8" mortar joints and has 655 non-modular brick units per 100 square feet?

11.6 cubic feet

A single wythe brick wall that measures 200 square feet, has 3/8" mortar joints, and has 655 non-modular bricks per 100 square feet will require how much mortar?

<p>11.6 cubic feet of mortar</p> Signup and view all the answers

Brick that will come into contact with ground water and freezing conditions should be type:

<p>SW</p> Signup and view all the answers

With masonry, what unit of measure is used in a modular grid system?

<p>4&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the nominal size of a modular brick?

<p>4&quot; x 2 2/3&quot; x 8&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of a brick must be solid for it to be considered solid?

<p>75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the white powder that forms in a masonry wall after exposure to moisture?

<p>Efflorescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of brick position is created when one brick is laid across two others?

<p>Header</p> Signup and view all the answers

Five to Seven stretcher courses of brick with one header course describes which of the following types of bonds?

<p>Common or American (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Common or American bond is a variation of the ______ bond.

<p>running</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Common or American bond header courses are generally used every ______ and ______ course.

<p>Five, Seven</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Common or American bond has a course of ______ to provide structural bonding as well as a pattern.

<p>full-length headers</p> Signup and view all the answers

Refer to the figure. Which of the brick patterns is called a Flemish Bond?

<p>C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Refer to the figure. Which of the brick patterns is called a Running Bond?

<p>D (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Refer to the figure. Which of the brick patterns is called a Stack Bond?

<p>A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When laying brick and all the vertical joints align, this is a:

<p>Stacked bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which brick pattern is considered the weakest bond?

<p>Stacked bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

Common bond is also referred to as ______ bond.

<p>American</p> Signup and view all the answers

Block or Stack Bond is purely a ______ bond.

<p>pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of mortar joint is recommended in areas exposed to heavy rain, high winds, and freezing?

<p>V-shaped or Concave Joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

Refer to the figure. What type of joint is shown by figure #3 on the side of the masonry cross section?

<p>V-shaped (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Refer to the figure. Which number indicates a concave/rodded joint?

<p>1</p> Signup and view all the answers

Refer to the figure. Which number indicates a weathered joint?

<p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

Refer to the figure. Which number indicates a raked joint?

<p>7</p> Signup and view all the answers

Refer to the figure. Which number indicates a struck joint?

<p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of facing tile is used when a high degree of mechanical perfection is required?

<p>FTX unglazed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which CMU has the least pounds per cubic foot of concrete?

<p>Pumice (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the highest strength aggregate in an 8 X 8 X 16 CMU?

<p>Sand and gravel</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the weight of an 8 x 8 x 16 Concrete Masonry Unit (CMU) made of sand and gravel?

<p>40 lbs</p> Signup and view all the answers

When figuring nominal dimensions, what is the intended size of the mortar joint for concrete masonry units?

<p>3/8&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of a two core block CMU versus a three core block design?

<p>Lighter, reduced heat conductor and more space for conduit</p> Signup and view all the answers

The nominal size of an 8 inch stretcher block is:

<p>8 X 8 X 16</p> Signup and view all the answers

A standard glass block mortar joint is how thick?

<p>1/4&quot;</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

What is used to create long horizontal joints in masonry work?

A tool or method for creating long horizontal joints in masonry work.

What does this symbol represent? (Rubble)

A symbol on plans representing rubble, a type of broken stone used in construction.

What does this symbol represent? (Dimension lumber)

A symbol on plans representing dimension lumber, wood that has been cut and sized for construction use.

What does this symbol represent? (Steel)

A symbol on plans representing steel, a strong and durable metal commonly used in construction.

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What does this symbol represent? (Plaster)

A symbol on plans representing plaster, a material used for finishing walls and ceilings.

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What type of brick is best for ground water and freezing conditions?

The type of brick used when it will be exposed to ground water and freezing conditions.

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What unit of measure is used in a modular grid system?

The unit of measure used in a modular grid system for masonry.

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What is the nominal size of a modular brick?

The nominal size of a modular brick, including mortar joints.

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What percentage of a brick must be solid for it to be considered solid?

A brick is considered solid if at least 75% of its volume is solid material.

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What is the white powder that forms on a masonry wall after moisture?

A white powder that forms on a masonry wall when exposed to moisture, caused by salts in the bricks or mortar.

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What type of brick position is created when one brick is laid across two others?

A brick position in a wall where one brick is laid across two others, creating a horizontal bond.

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What is the brick bond pattern with stretcher courses and a header course every 5 to 7 courses?

A common brick bond pattern consisting of stretcher courses interspersed with a single header course every 5 to 7 courses, providing both structural bonding and a distinctive pattern.

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The Common or American bond is a variation of what type of bond?

The running bond is a basic brick pattern where all bricks are laid horizontally, forming a continuous line.

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How often are header courses used in Common or American bond?

In a common or American bond, header courses are generally placed every five or seven courses, creating a regular pattern.

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What does a Common or American bond use to provide structural bonding and a pattern?

A common bond pattern utilizes full-length headers to provide structural strength and a visually appealing pattern.

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What is the brick pattern called 'Flemish Bond'?

A brick pattern with alternating stretcher and header bricks, creating a balanced and visually interesting appearance.

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What is the brick pattern called 'Running Bond'?

A brick pattern where all bricks are laid horizontally, creating a simple and continuous line.

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What is the brick pattern called 'English Bond'?

A brick pattern with alternating stretcher and header courses, creating a strong and visually distinct pattern.

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What is the brick pattern called 'Stack Bond'?

A brick pattern where all bricks are stacked directly on top of each other, creating a straight and simple line.

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What is the brick pattern called when all vertical joints align?

A brick pattern where all vertical joints align, creating a weak and visually monotonous wall.

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Which brick pattern is considered to be the weakest?

The weakest brick pattern because it lacks overlapping joints, making it more vulnerable to stress and failure.

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What is another name for Common bond?

The Common bond is also known as American bond, signifying its common use in North America.

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What is the purpose of Block or Stack Bond?

The block or stack bond is purely a pattern laid for visual purposes and provides little structural strength.

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Which mortar joint is best for areas exposed to harsh weather?

A V-shaped or Concave joint is recommended for areas exposed to heavy rain, high winds, and freezing conditions because it helps shed water and resist harsh weather.

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What type of joint is shown by figure #3 on the side of the masonry cross section? (V-shaped)

A type of mortar joint with a triangular shape, designed to shed water effectively and resist freezing.

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What type of joint is shown by figure #1 on the side of the masonry cross section? (Concave)

A type of mortar joint with a curved shape, designed to shed water and provide a smooth, finished appearance.

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Which number indicates a concave/rodded joint?

A type of mortar joint with a curved shape, designed to shed water and provide a smooth, finished appearance.

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What type of joint is shown by figure #4 on the side of the masonry cross section? (Weathered)

A type of mortar joint where the mortar is recessed from the face of the brick, creating a raised edge and a finished appearance.

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Which number indicates a weathered joint?

A type of mortar joint where the mortar is recessed from the face of the brick, creating a raised edge and a finished appearance.

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What type of joint is shown by figure #7 on the side of the masonry cross section? (Raked)

A type of mortar joint that is sloped or angled to shed water and prevent moisture buildup.

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Which number indicates a raked joint?

A type of mortar joint where the mortar is recessed from the face of the brick, creating a raised edge and a finished appearance.

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What type of joint is shown by figure #5 on the side of the masonry cross section? (Trowel-struck)

A type of mortar joint where the mortar is smoothed and finished with a trowel, creating a flat and even surface.

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Which number indicates a struck joint?

A type of mortar joint where the mortar is recessed from the face of the brick, creating a raised edge and a finished appearance.

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What type of joint is shown by figure #6 on the side of the masonry cross section? (Flush or Rough Cut)

A type of mortar joint where the mortar is flush with the face of the brick, creating a smooth and uniform surface.

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What type of joint is shown by figure #7 on the side of the masonry cross section? (Raked)

A type of mortar joint that is sloped or angled to shed water and prevent moisture buildup.

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What is the intended size of the mortar joint for CMUs?

When figuring nominal dimensions, the intended size of the mortar joint for concrete masonry units (CMUs).

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What is the advantage of a two core block CMU versus a three core block design?

A two core block CMU offers better insulation compared to a three core block design, as it has less concrete and more airspace.

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What is the nominal size of an 8 inch stretcher block?

The nominal size of an 8-inch stretcher block, taking into account the mortar joints.

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How thick is a standard glass block mortar joint?

The standard thickness of a mortar joint used with glass blocks.

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Study Notes

Masonry Tools and Materials

  • A sled runner jointer is used to create long horizontal joints in masonry work.

Building Material Symbols

  • Symbols on construction plans represent building materials.
  • Rubble, dimension lumber, steel, and plaster are some of the represented materials, each with its distinct graphical symbol.

Mortar Requirements

  • For a 200 sq ft brick wall with 3/8" mortar joints and 655 non-modular bricks per 100 sq ft, 11.6 cubic feet of mortar are needed.

Brick Types for Specific Conditions

  • SW type brick is suitable for areas exposed to ground water and freezing conditions.

Modular Brick Dimensions

  • Modular brick systems use 4" units.
  • The nominal size of a modular brick is 4" x 2 2/3" x 8".
  • A brick must be at least 75% solid to be considered solid.

Efflorescence

  • Efflorescence is a white powder that forms on masonry walls after exposure to moisture.

Brick Positions

  • A header brick is laid across two other bricks.

Types of Brick Bonds

  • Common or American bond is a variation of the running bond.
  • Headers are often used every five or seven courses in a common/American bond pattern.
  • This bond has full-length headers within each pattern.
  • Flemish bond is a specific brick pattern, (example pattern shown in images).
  • Running bond is a specific brick pattern, (example pattern shown in images).

Brick Joint Types

  • V-shaped or concave joints are recommended for areas exposed to harsh weather conditions (rain, wind, and freezing).
  • Examples of various types of joints include: Trowel-struck, Flush, or Rough Cut joints, Raked joints,and Concave/rodded joints and Weathered joints.

Strengths of Different Brick Bonds

  • Stack bond is considered the weakest form of brick bonding.

CMU (Concrete Masonry Unit) Information

  • Pumice CMUs have the lowest density/weight per cubic foot of concrete.
  • Sand and gravel are the highest strength aggregates in 8x8x16 CMUs.
  • A standard 8x8x16 CMU made of sand and gravel weighs 40 lbs.
  • The standard mortar joint size for CMUs is 3/8 inch.
  • A two-core CMU has an advantage over three-core block design in terms of lighter weight and reduced heat conduction.

Building Materials

  • The 8x8x16 size is a standard measurement for 8 inch stretcher blocks.
  • A standard glass block mortar joint is 1/4 inch thick.

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Description

This quiz covers essential concepts related to masonry tools, building materials, and their specifications. Learn about mortar requirements, brick types, and the importance of efflorescence in masonry work. Test your knowledge of modular brick dimensions and symbols used in construction plans.

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