Martin Luther King Jr. Early Life Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Where was MLK born?

MLK was born in Atlanta, Georgia.

What degree did MLK earn and from which institution?

He earned a sociology degree from Morehouse College.

How did MLK view the role of religion in social change?

MLK believed that religion was a force to challenge oppression.

What did MLK lead in 1955?

<p>The Montgomery bus boycott in defence of Rosa Parks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

who coaxed MLK into leading the MBB?

<p>Ed Nixon</p> Signup and view all the answers

what did MLK do during his leadership of the MIA regarding segregation on busses?

<p>Led the MBB, a non-violent protest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

how long did the MBB protest last under MLK?

<p>381 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

what did the MBB achieve? both for MLK and black people in America

<p>The Supreme Court ruled segregation on busses as unconstitutional it was not &quot;separate but equal&quot;. MLK was now convinced to campaign for full civil rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

what did MLK alongside 60 ministers and civil rights activists found in 1957?

<p>SCLC Southern Christian Leadership conference.</p> Signup and view all the answers

what did the SCLC initially engage in and how were they a characteristic of MLK's methods?

<p>non-violent protests, nonviolence was a characteristic of MLK's methods/ activism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

what did the SCLC first call for in 1957 ?

<p>equal voting rights</p> Signup and view all the answers

what experience was MLK's non-violent approach influenced by?

<p>his trip to India in 1959 he was inspired by Ghandi's non-violent activism. Ghandi convinced MLK of the merits of a non-violent approach.</p> Signup and view all the answers

what did MLK do in 1960 at shaw university?

<p>addressed students at Shaw University in North Carolina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

p4.2 What did MLK encourage in North Carolina in 1960?

<p>Non-violent sit- ins</p> Signup and view all the answers

p4.3 - how were sit-ins in 1960 used after MLK's encouragement?

<p>sit-ins began to be used in various states to end segregation in diners and restaurants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

p4.4 what happened in 1960 to MLK regarding sit-ins?

<p>he was arrested for refusing to leave a segregated lunch counter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

p4.5 who agreed to release King after he was arrested for refusing to leave a segregated lunch counter in 1960? why was he put back in?

<p>the mayor, he was later re-arrested for traffic charges.</p> Signup and view all the answers

p4.6 who got MLK released after he was arrested for refusing to leave a segregated lunch counter in 1960?

<p>JFK who was only a presidential candidate, Called Alabama and MLK was released.</p> Signup and view all the answers

p4.7 after MBB what happened to King regarding his position in the civil rights movement?

<p>he became a national figure and spokesperson for civil rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

p4.8 what reflected MLK's influence in the 50s after the MBB?

<p>Media and books during the 50's reflected MLK's influence such as 'stride toward freedom' and 'why we can't wait'</p> Signup and view all the answers

p5.1 what was Birmingham like during the 50's and 60's

<p>arguably one of the most segregated cities in the US in the 50's and 60's 4o% of the black community was particularly oppressed. the KKK were active and committed horrific racially motivated attacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

p5.2 what did MLK participate in in 1963?

<p>he participated in the Birmingham march against segregation in 1963.</p> Signup and view all the answers

p5.3 what did MLK urge for the Birmingham march boycotts?

<p>the boycott of businesses during the busy easter shopping season.</p> Signup and view all the answers

p5.4 what did the Birmingham march protests lead to?

<p>sit-ins in libraries and kneel-ins in churches.</p> Signup and view all the answers

p5.5 what happened to MLK on the 12th of April 1963 after the Birmingham march ?

<p>King was arrested and put into solitary confinement,</p> Signup and view all the answers

p6.1 what did MLK do during his arrest in 1963 for the Birmingham march?

<p>he wrote 'letter from Birmingham jail'</p> Signup and view all the answers

p6.2. what did the 'letter from Birmingham jail'l reveal?

<p>the letter revealed MLK's stated belief in non-violence and justified the marches and protests in Birmingham.</p> Signup and view all the answers

p6.3 what did the 'letter from Birmingham jail' become?

<p>a manifesto for the civil rights movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

how did MLK and Protesters demand equal voting rights?

<p>54-mile march from Selma to Montgomery to demand equal voting rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

During the Selma to Montgomery march, what significant speech did Martin Luther King Jr. deliver upon arriving in Montgomery?

<p>'No tide of racism can stop us'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary focus of King's 'Poor People's Campaign' launched in 1968?

<p>The campaign aimed for employment and housing equality, calling for 500,000 affordable housing units.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criticism did Martin Luther King Jr. face after delivering his 'Beyond Vietnam' speech in 1967?

<p>King was criticized by media outlets like The Washington Post and LIFE magazine, with many deeming it unpatriotic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What key piece of legislation did President Johnson pass in 1965 to protect voting rights?

<p>Johnson passed the Voting Rights Act in 1965, which aimed to eliminate racial discrimination in voting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of tactics were used by racists during the march from Selma to Montgomery?

<p>Racists beat and whipped the marchers, showcasing violent resistance to the Civil Rights Movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who labeled king in 1965 as 'the most dangerous man in America'? and why?

<p>J. Edgar Hoover publicly called King 'the most dangerous man in America' due to concerns about his influence and alleged connections to communism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant outcome of the 1964 Civil Rights Act passed by Congress?

<p>The 1964 Civil Rights Act made all forms of segregation illegal in public places.</p> Signup and view all the answers

what was selma like during the 60s?

<p>Selma a segregated town with a bigoted police force.</p> Signup and view all the answers

what was covered by the media that caused outrage?

<p>Racists beat and whipped marchers. Captured by media.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What housing conditions did Martin Luther King Jr. experience in Chicago as part of his campaign for better living conditions?

<p>King lived in an apartment in the impoverished North Lawndale slums to directly address housing inequalities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

how did LBJ back the selma to Montgomery march for equal voting rights?

<p>Johnson backed march on television broadcast. He promised new voting legislation. March 21st, 2,000 marched to Montgomery. Protected by US Army troops and Alabama national Guard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

what did LBJ's support for the Selma to Montgomery march lead to?

<p>March 21st, 2,000 marched to Montgomery. Protected by US Army troops and Alabama national Guard.</p> Signup and view all the answers

king and the SCLC opened offices for what campaign in 1966?

<p>King and SCLC opened offices in city to campaign for better and desegregated housing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

what did MLK's contribution to housing lead to in regard to protest? how were the marchers treated?

<p>King led march of 700 to Marquette park in city. Marchers hit with bricks and bottles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What controversial speech did king deliver in 1967 in NY? and what did he address?

<p>King delivered his ‘Beyond Vietnam’ speech to 3,000 in Riverside Church in NYC. Called on US to stop all bombing and for a truce.</p> Signup and view all the answers

why was King annoyed at the Great society programme?

<p>King annoyed that Johnson’s ‘Great Society’ programme was being relegated for a costly war effort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

why was King's beyond Vietnam speech controversial?

<p>King’s speech deemed in many circles as unpatriotic and cost him support. President Johnson felt betrayed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

what media outlets criticised king?

<p>Criticised by The Washington Post. Criticised by LIFE magazine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

what was King's 'poor people camapign'

<p>Final campaign organised by King as leader of SCLC. Protest movement for employment and housing equality. King called for 500,000 affordable housing units</p> Signup and view all the answers

for his poor people campaign what cities did he visit?

<p>He visited Mississippi and Memphis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did MLK's work contribute to change in race relations in the US regarding President Eisenhower?

<p>President Eisenhower introduced Civil Rights Acts in 1957 and 1960. These established a permanent Civil Rights Commission, and the latter gave Federal Courts authority to register black voters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did MLK's work contribute to change in race relations in the US regarding President JFK?

<p>President Kennedy put together the articles for a new Civil Rights Act that made all segregation illegal. It was passed by Congress in 1964. This was the single largest piece of legislation to address race relations in American history.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How did MLK's work contribute to change in race relations in the US regarding President LBJ?

<p>President Johnson passed the 1965 Voting Rights Act. Johnson brought a further Civil Rights Act in 1968 (Fair Housing Act) that declared illegal any discrimination in the sale or rental of housing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

what did the FBI send to King revealing the corrupt nature of their organisation?

<p>Sent MLK a ‘suicide letter’ threatening to expose his extra-marital affairs</p> Signup and view all the answers

what did the FBI do to keep tabs on MLK?

<p>FBI wiretapped King’s telephones and hotel rooms…concerns that communists lurked in the SCLC leadership.</p> Signup and view all the answers

where was King when he was assassinated? and when?

<p>in 1968 in Memphis King was staying at the Lorraine Motel. He went to the balcony for a cigarette. The FBI were monitoring King. He was assassinated by James Earl Ray.</p> Signup and view all the answers

what were the results of MLK's assassination?

<p>King’s death led to rioting in over 100 cities across USA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

what were some of MLK's legacy?

<p>King travelled over 6,000,000 miles, gave over 2,500 speeches and wrote 5 books. He was arrested 29 times and had the body of a 60-year-old man. 900 streets around the world carry his name. Since 1984 a federal holiday marks ‘Martin Luther King Day’ annually. George Washington and Christopher Columbus are the only others to have a day named after them in the USA. King’s work charged the Civil Rights movement and moved various Presidents to write new legislation Stevie Wonder’s 1981 hit song ‘Happy Birthday’ was written for King U2 song ‘Pride’ (1984) also in commemoration of King.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

MLK's birthplace

MLK was born in Alabama.

MLK's college degree

MLK earned a Sociology degree from Moorehouse College.

MLK's belief on religion

MLK believed religion could challenge oppression.

MLK's education background

MLK studied sociology at Moorehouse college.

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MLK's college

MLK studied at Moorehouse College.

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Selma to Montgomery March

A 54-mile march from Selma to Montgomery in 1965, led by MLK and the SCLC, demanding equal voting rights for African Americans. It was met with violence by racist forces but gained national attention.

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The 1965 Voting Rights Act

A landmark piece of civil rights legislation passed by President Johnson, aimed at guaranteeing voting rights for all Americans, particularly African Americans in the South, where voter suppression was rampant.

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King's 'Beyond Vietnam' Speech

A controversial speech delivered by MLK in 1967 where he criticized the Vietnam War, calling for its end and a truce. He argued that the war was diverting resources from social programs like the 'Great Society,' highlighting the moral cost of war and its impact on social progress.

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The 'Poor People's Campaign'

MLK's final campaign, advocating for employment and housing equality. He called for 500,000 affordable housing units and highlighted poverty as a core issue for the civil rights movement.

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How did the FBI view MLK?

J. Edgar Hoover, the head of the FBI, considered MLK 'the most dangerous man in America,' viewing him and the SCLC with suspicion. The FBI wiretapped King's phones and rooms, believing communist influence existed within the movement.

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What happened in Marquette Park?

In Chicago, MLK led a march of 700 people to Marquette Park, a predominantly white neighborhood. They were met with violence, being pelted with bricks and bottles, highlighting the deep racial division and resistance to desegregation in Chicago.

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What happened to King in Memphis?

MLK was assassinated in Memphis in 1968 while staying at the Lorraine Motel. He was shot on the balcony by James Earl Ray, a white supremacist, marking a tragic turning point in the civil rights movement.

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Robert Taylor Homes: an Example

The Robert Taylor Homes, built in Chicago in 1966, exemplify the segregated and deprived housing conditions experienced by African Americans in the US. It symbolized the systemic inequalities and lack of equal opportunities in housing for minorities.

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Study Notes

Martin Luther King Jr. - Early Life and Beliefs

  • Martin Luther King Jr. was born in Atlanta, Georgia.
  • King earned a sociology degree from Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia.
  • King believed that religion was a powerful tool to challenge oppression.
  • King advocated for equal voting rights, leading the 54-mile Selma to Montgomery march. Selma was a segregated town with a discriminatory police force. Marchers were beaten and whipped, which was widely captured by the media.
  • King arrived in Montgomery on March 25th, addressing 50,000 supporters. He declared, "No tide of racism can stop us."
  • The SCLC established offices in Montgomery to campaign for desegregated housing.
  • King lived in the North Lawndale slums.
  • King led a march of 700 to Marquette Park, where marchers were met with bricks and bottles.
  • King later delivered a speech "Beyond Vietnam" at Riverside Church in New York City to 3,000 people, calling for an end to the bombing in Vietnam and a truce. This speech, viewed by some as unpatriotic, caused him to lose support, drawing criticism from publications like The Washington Post and LIFE magazine.
  • King felt the "Great Society" program was being overshadowed by the costly war.
  • King's "Poor People's Campaign" promoted employment and housing equality, advocating for 500,000 affordable housing units. King visited Mississippi and Memphis in support of this campaign.

Civil Rights Legislation

  • President Eisenhower introduced the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960,establishing a permanent Civil Rights Commission; the later gave Federal Courts authority to register black voters.
  • President Kennedy drafted a Civil Rights Act prohibiting segregation, passed by Congress in 1964. This was a landmark piece of legislation for race relations.
  • President Johnson passed the Voting Rights Act of 1965.
  • Johnson signed the 1968 Civil Rights Act (Fair Housing Act), prohibiting housing discrimination.

FBI Surveillance and King's Assassination

  • The FBI, under J. Edgar Hoover, publicly labeled King "the most dangerous man in America" and sent him a threatening letter. FBI wiretaps monitored King's telephones and hotel rooms. concerns arose that communists were in the SCLC leadership.
  • King was assassinated in Memphis in 1968, at the Lorraine Motel while staying there, going out to the balcony for a cigarette.
  • King's assassination led to riots in over 100 cities across the USA.
  • The assassin was James Earl Ray.

King's Impact and Legacy

  • King travelled over 6,000,000 miles, gave over 2,500 speeches, and wrote 5 books.
  • King was arrested 29 times.
  • King's work inspired and influenced various Presidents leading to new legislation.
  • He has 900 streets named after him around the world.
  • A national holiday ("Martin Luther King Day") has existed since 1984.
  • Only George Washington and Christopher Columbus share this distinction.
  • Stevie Wonder's 1981 song "Happy Birthday" and U2's 1984 song "Pride" are tributes to King.

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Test your knowledge about the early life and foundational beliefs of Martin Luther King Jr. This quiz covers his upbringing in Alabama, education at Morehouse College, and his views on religion as a tool for social justice. Challenge yourself with questions that explore the roots of his philosophy and impact on civil rights.

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