Questions and Answers
What was one of the key events that led to the declaration of Martial Law in the Philippines?
Which group was NOT associated with the emergence of leftist groups during the period leading up to Martial Law?
What was one imposed restriction under Martial Law in the Philippines?
Which of the following was a positive effect of Martial Law?
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Which major event is considered a primary cause of the People Power Revolution?
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What event prompted Corazon Aquino to become politically active?
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Which role did Jaime Cardinal Sin play during the People Power Revolution?
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Which of the following best describes Ferdinand Marcos's presidency?
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What infamous nickname was given to Imelda Marcos?
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What significant action did President Marcos take on September 21, 1971?
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What was a notable consequence of Martial Law declared by Marcos?
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What pivotal event served as a catalyst for the People Power Revolution?
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How did Corazon Aquino become a symbolic leader of the opposition against Marcos?
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Which notable infrastructure contributions are attributed to Ferdinand Marcos?
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What was the primary method used by Cardinal Sin to mobilize support during the revolution?
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Study Notes
Martial Law in the Philippines (1972 - 1986)
- Declared on September 21, 1972, by President Ferdinand Marcos through Proclamation No. 1081.
- Significant events leading to the declaration included the rise of leftist groups like the CPP, NPA, and MNLF, worsening public order, and the Plaza Miranda bombing during a Liberal Party senatorial election rally.
- The suspension of writ of habeas corpus under Proclamation No. 889 allowed indefinite detention without formal charges.
Key Implementations of Martial Law
- Curfew hours enforced from 12 AM to 4 AM.
- Prohibited rallies, demonstrations, and strikes.
- Government control imposed over newspapers, radio, and television for news censorship.
- Suspension of overseas work for Filipinos, except for government-sanctioned missions.
- Harsh penalties, including death for unauthorized firearm possession.
Effects of Martial Law
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Positive Effects:
- Reduced criminality and improved peace.
- Decreased terrorism and corruption among officials.
- Promoted social equality and equity.
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Negative Effects:
- Enabled warrantless arrests and indefinite detention without charges.
- Restricted civil rights and led to widespread abuse of power.
- Established emergency powers and military courts.
People Power Revolution (1986)
- The assassination of Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino Jr. on August 21, 1983, spurred public outrage leading to the revolution.
- Corazon “Cory” Aquino emerged as a leading figure against the Marcos regime following her husband's assassination.
- Jaime Cardinal Sin called on Filipinos via Radio Veritas to support the rebel forces on EDSA, marking a pivotal moment in the revolution.
Key Personalities
- Benigno “Ninoy” Aquino Jr.: Leading critic of Marcos, assassination ignited public dissent.
- Corazon “Cory” Aquino: Symbol of anti-Marcos sentiment and opposition leadership following her husband’s death.
- Jaime Cardinal Sin: Advocated for the peaceful revolution; significant religious authority during the uprising.
- Ferdinand Marcos: Led the country from 1965 to 1986; known for infrastructure developments but also for oppressive governance.
- Imelda Marcos: Noted for her lavish lifestyle and political role as the first governor of Manila.
Causes of People Power Revolution
- Historical grievances included the assassination of Ninoy Aquino, electoral fraud in the 1986 presidential snap elections, and years of oppressive governance.
The Divine Intervention
- Cardinal Sin's call for revolution symbolized a spiritual and moral obligation to seek democracy, leading to mass gatherings at EDSA.
- The revolution was characterized as non-violent, with Filipinos using religious symbols against military forces.
Aftermath of the Revolution
- Ferdinand Marcos faced allegations of corruption and rights violations after his death from lupus.
- Imelda Marcos survived her high-profile trial concerning corruption and electoral fraud, though accusations remained against her.
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Description
This quiz explores the events leading up to the declaration of Martial Law in the Philippines from 1972 to 1986. It covers significant factors including the rise of leftist groups, peace and order issues, and pivotal incidents like the Plaza Miranda bombing. Test your knowledge on this critical period in Philippine history.
