Martha Gellhorn: Spanish Civil War

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What event did Martha Gellhorn arrive in Madrid to cover in 1937?

The fall of Berlin

The end of World War I

The French Revolution

The Spanish Civil War (correct)

What was the nature of the struggle in the Spanish Civil War in Martha Gellhorn's perspective?

A struggle between nationalism and communism

A struggle between tyranny and democracy (correct)

A struggle for racial supremacy

A struggle for independence from European powers

What did Martha Gellhorn experience in Madrid during the Spanish Civil War?

A city under martial law

A peaceful and calm city

A festive and celebratory atmosphere

A daily struggle for survival (correct)

Who did Martha Gellhorn meet in Spain during the Spanish Civil War?

Ernest Hemingway Signup and view all the answers

What was the global context in which the Spanish Civil War took place?

Less than two decades after the end of World War I Signup and view all the answers

What was the root cause of the new conflicts that erupted in Europe and Asia in the mid-20th century?

The seeds of new conflicts had been sown in World War I Signup and view all the answers

What was a major problem facing the Weimar Republic in Germany after World War I?

Widespread poverty and hyperinflation Signup and view all the answers

What was Joseph Stalin's primary goal for the Soviet Union?

To industrialize and improve agriculture Signup and view all the answers

Which leader rose to power in Italy in 1922?

Benito Mussolini Signup and view all the answers

What was a characteristic of totalitarian states like the one established by Stalin?

Complete control over citizens and suppression of opposition Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the party established by Benito Mussolini in Italy?

Fascist Party Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany?

Germany was blamed for starting the war and had its colonies and territories stripped Signup and view all the answers

What was the symbol of unity and authority in ancient Rome, also adopted by the Fascists?

The Fasces Signup and view all the answers

What was the nickname of Benito Mussolini?

Il Duce Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Stalin's 'five-year plans'?

The Soviet Union became the second-largest industrial power Signup and view all the answers

In which country did Hideki Tojo become prime minister in 1941?

Japan Signup and view all the answers

What was the human cost of Stalin's transformation of the Soviet Union?

Millions died in famines and millions more were killed or purged Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the party founded by Adolf Hitler in Germany?

Nazi Party Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the rise of nationalism in Europe in the interwar period?

Dictators rose to power in several countries, leading to World War II Signup and view all the answers

Which leader did NOT rise to power in 1922?

Hideki Tojo Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Treaty of Versailles on the new democracies in Europe?

The treaty weakened the new democracies Signup and view all the answers

What was a major factor leading to the rise of Fascism in Italy?

Rising inflation and unemployment Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the collapse of new democracies in Europe?

The rise of authoritarian leaders who solved economic and social problems Signup and view all the answers

Who became the leader of the Soviet Union after Lenin's death in 1924?

Joseph Stalin Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the leader of the Soviet Union?

Joseph Stalin Signup and view all the answers

Which geographic feature might have led Japan to expand?

Island nation status Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of Hitler's plan to reunite all Germans?

To create a unified German empire Signup and view all the answers

What did Hitler believe was necessary for Germany to thrive?

More living space Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of the Great Depression on Germany's economy?

A significant increase in unemployment Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of Hitler's private army?

The Storm Troopers Signup and view all the answers

What was the name of the empire that Hitler established in 1933?

The Third Reich Signup and view all the answers

What was the goal of the Nazis, as stated in Mein Kampf?

To secure living space for the German people Signup and view all the answers

Who were the three main aggressors during this period?

Germany, Italy, and Japan Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Japan's invasion of Manchuria?

Japan gained control of the province Signup and view all the answers

Why did Japan quit the League of Nations?

Because it was condemned for its invasion of Manchuria Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the year 1933 in German history?

It was the year Hitler was appointed chancellor Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the population does Roosevelt claim wants to live in peace?

90 percent Signup and view all the answers

What was the reaction of isolationist newspapers to Roosevelt's 'Quarantine Speech'?

They accused Roosevelt of leading the nation into war Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of Roosevelt's 'Quarantine Speech' in terms of his stance against aggression?

Roosevelt backed off in the face of criticism Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of Roosevelt's 'Quarantine Speech' on the debate?

It shifted the debate Signup and view all the answers

Where did the conflicts remain, according to the passage?

Over there Signup and view all the answers

What was the consequence of the League of Nations' inaction against Japan's invasion of Manchuria?

The dictatorships in Europe and Africa were emboldened to act aggressively. Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of Mussolini's invasion of Ethiopia?

Ethiopia fell to the Italian invasion. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Rome-Berlin Axis?

It was a formal alliance between Germany and Italy. Signup and view all the answers

Why did African Americans sympathize with Ethiopia during the Italian invasion?

They identified with Ethiopia as a fellow oppressed nation. Signup and view all the answers

What was the reaction of the Western democracies to the Spanish Civil War?

They maintained a policy of neutrality. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of the Kellogg-Briand Pact?

It outlawed war as an instrument of national policy. Signup and view all the answers

What was the ultimate outcome of the Spanish Civil War?

Franco's fascist forces prevailed. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of Hitler's military buildup and remilitarization of the Rhineland?

Hitler's actions went unchecked, emboldening other aggressors. Signup and view all the answers

What was the international response to Italy's invasion of Ethiopia?

The League of Nations responded with ineffective economic boycotts. Signup and view all the answers

What was the significance of Haile Selassie's appeal to the League of Nations?

It highlighted the League's inability to respond to aggression. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of the Kellogg-Briand Pact?

To outlaw war as an instrument of national policy. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of the Nye committee's hearings?

The committee fueled the controversy by documenting the large profits made during the war. Signup and view all the answers

What was the Girl Scouts of America's response to the growing antiwar feeling?

They changed their uniforms from khaki to green to appear less militaristic. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main goal of Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy?

To continue the policy of nonintervention in Latin America. Signup and view all the answers

What was the effect of the Reciprocal Trade Agreement Act?

It lowered trade barriers by giving the president the power to make trade agreements with other nations. Signup and view all the answers

What was the purpose of the Neutrality Acts?

To keep the US out of future wars. Signup and view all the answers

What was Roosevelt's response to Japan's attack on China?

He found a way around the Neutrality Acts to continue sending arms and supplies to China. Signup and view all the answers

What was the idea behind Roosevelt's 'quarantine' speech?

To isolate aggressor nations to stop the spread of war. Signup and view all the answers

What was the impact of the Nye committee's hearings on American attitudes?

It fueled the controversy and increased antiwar feeling. Signup and view all the answers

What was the main factor that contributed to Americans' growing isolationism?

Evidence that large profits had been made by banks and arms industries during World War I. Signup and view all the answers