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Questions and Answers
What is the primary source of new B2B products according to customer input?
Innovative customers have little impact on product design in the fashion industry.
False
What is concept testing?
It is the process of presenting a brief written description of the product to customers to gather their reactions and determine whether to proceed with development.
In alpha testing, Ben & Jerry's primarily uses their own ______ to evaluate the taste and feel of new products.
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Match the following stages with their descriptions in product development:
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Why do firms add new products?
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Market saturation occurs when a product has been in the marketplace for a short time.
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What is the main benefit of having a diversified portfolio of products?
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The famous vacuum cleaner brand that redesigned its product to improve suction is _____
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What strategy do apparel fashion designers use to generate sales?
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Most sales in the fashion industry come from existing products.
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In the context of market strategy, what does the phrase 'don’t put all your eggs in one basket' mean?
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Match the following concepts with their key characteristics:
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What is the primary purpose of new products according to the content?
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Pioneers are defined as new product introductions that create a completely new market.
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Give an example of a product that serves as a pioneer.
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The process by which the use of an innovation spreads throughout a market is known as _______.
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Which of the following concepts indicates that a product is perceived to be better than substitutes?
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Google Glass succeeded in establishing a commanding market share.
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Products like the Swiffer are considered to have a relative advantage because they make cleaning faster, easier, and more _______.
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What is a key benefit of observability in product development?
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Internal Research & Development (R&D) is typically low in product development costs.
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What is one common source of ideas for new products based on competitor analysis?
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Firms can purchase the rights to technology or ideas from other firms through __________.
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Match the idea generation method with its description:
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What was the primary method used by SimpliSafe for developing its video-enabled doorbell?
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Brainstorming involves immediately dismissing ideas that are not feasible.
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Name one company that uses data analysis from its products to support the development of new offerings.
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What is typically the first stage of the Product Life Cycle?
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During the Maturity stage of the Product Life Cycle, the number of competitors typically decreases.
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What is the purpose of alpha testing in product development?
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The last stage of the Product Life Cycle is the ______.
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Match the following stages of the Product Life Cycle with their characteristics:
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Which of the following is NOT a strategy for extending the Product Life Cycle?
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Market testing involves exposing customers to a mini product launch.
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What are the typical customers in the growth stage of the Product Life Cycle?
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According to product development stages, after beta testing, the next step is __________.
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What does the firm evaluate during the evaluation of results phase?
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Study Notes
Changing Customer Needs
- Firms can create value by meeting changing customer needs with new products or service offerings.
- Dyson redesigned the vacuum cleaner to improve its functionality and appeal to customers.
Market Saturation
- As a product ages in the marketplace, it's more likely the market will become saturated.
- Without new products or services, a firm's value declines.
- Saturated markets can also present opportunities for new products or services to address specific needs.
Managing Risk Through Diversity
- Innovation helps companies diversify their risk by expanding their product portfolio.
- A broader product portfolio is more resilient than relying on a single product.
Fashion Cycles
- The fashion industry depends on trends and experiences, resulting in short product life cycles.
- New products are crucial for driving sales in the fashion industry.
- Consumers demand new versions of video games, as they seek new challenges and experiences.
Improving Business Relationships
- New products don't always target end consumers; they can also improve relationships with suppliers, such as Walmart.
Adoption of Innovation
- Diffusion of innovation describes how the use of new products or services spreads across a market group over time.
Pioneers
- Breakthrough products establish entirely new markets or completely change industry competition and consumer preferences.
- Apple's Apple Watch is an example of a pioneer product.
First Movers
- These are the first to create a market or product category, gaining early recognition and market share.
- Google Glass failed due to privacy concerns, system bugs, and restrictions in public spaces.
Using the Adoption Cycle
- The adoption cycle helps understand how consumers adopt new products or services.
Relative Advantage
- Products with a perceived advantage over substitutes tend to diffuse quickly in the market.
- Swiffer's relative advantage over competitors lies in its faster, easier, and more efficient cleaning process.
Compatibility
- Products that adapt to various cultures and needs, such as different sizes, enjoy greater compatibility.
Observability
- Products that are easily observed benefit from greater communication of their benefits or uses, promoting wider adoption.
How Firms Develop New Products
- Firms use a variety of methods to generate new product ideas.
Idea Generation
- Internal R&D focuses on developing new technologies and products.
- Licensing involves acquiring rights to technology or ideas from other companies for a fee.
- Brainstorming encourages group collaboration to generate new ideas without immediate judgment.
- Outsourcing provides access to external expertise for specific product development stages.
- Competitors' products can provide insights for reverse engineering, developing "me too" products, or identifying market gaps.
- Customer input is crucial, especially in B2B settings, where a significant portion of new products are derived from customer needs.
Internal Research & Development (R&D)
- R&D development often involves high costs.
- R&D is a frequent source of technologically advanced products.
- General Motors leverages its OnStar system for remote communication and data analysis to support new car development.
Licensing
- Companies purchase licenses to use technology or ideas from other research-intensive organizations.
- Universities also contribute to this process by licensing their research.
Outsourcing
- Companies may outsource product development to outside firms when they lack internal capability or expertise.
Customer Input
- Customer input is crucial in B2B, accounting for a significant portion of new product development.
- "Lead users" modify existing products to meet their own needs, influencing trends.
Concept Testing
- Concept testing is essential to gauge customer reactions to a new product idea before proceeding further.
- It involves a brief written description of the product and triggers further market research.
Product Development
- This stage involves creating prototypes, testing them internally (alpha testing) and with external groups (beta testing).
- Ben & Jerry's conducts alpha testing with its employees to fine-tune product taste and feel.
Market Testing
- Pre-market testing involves surveying customers on their willingness to purchase the product.
- Mini product launch tests the real-world demand for the product in a smaller market before full-scale launch.
Product Launch
- This involves defining the launch timing, the product's promotional strategy, its pricing, and distribution channels.
Evaluation of Results
- Firms evaluate their product development program by assessing technical specifications, customer acceptance, and financial performance.
The Product Life Cycle
- The product life cycle encompasses a product's journey through the marketplace, from introduction to decline.
Stages & Characteristics of The Product Life Cycle
- Introduction: Low sales, negative or low profits, characterized by innovators as primary consumers.
- Growth: Rising sales and profits, early adopters and early majority join in.
- Maturity: Peak sales and profits, late majority join, higher number of competitors.
- Decline: Declining sales and profits, laggards as primary consumers, fewer competitors.
Strategies for Extending the Product Life Cycle
- Develop new product uses.
- Modify existing products to meet changing needs.
- Increase product usage frequency.
- Expand the user base.
- Target new customer segments.
- Reposition the product for a different market.
- Adjust the marketing strategy.
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Description
This quiz covers key concepts regarding changing customer needs, market saturation, risk management through product diversity, and fashion cycles. Understand how innovation and customer preferences influence product offerings and value creation in various industries.