Marketing Quiz on Product and Pricing Strategies
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Questions and Answers

What is a potential drawback of introducing too many similar products?

  • Dealer satisfaction
  • Increased sales
  • Enhanced prestige
  • Customer confusion (correct)
  • Adding lower-end products through downward stretching can only lead to increased sales.

    False (B)

    What does the term 'product mix' refer to?

    The complete set of product lines and individual items that a seller offers for sale.

    A company that introduces both lower-end and higher-end products is engaging in __________ stretching.

    <p>two-way</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the types of pricing with their definitions:

    <p>Geographical Pricing = Setting different prices based on location. Psychological Pricing = Setting prices that have a psychological impact. Discount Pricing = Reducing prices to enhance sales. Segmented Pricing = Charging different prices for the same product based on customer segments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can be a benefit of store brands for retailers?

    <p>Exclusive products not bought from competitors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Co-branding can create new market opportunities but does not involve any complexities.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of a licensed brand?

    <p>Brands that allow other companies to produce and sell products under their name for a fee.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A brand extension that introduces new forms or flavors of existing products is known as a __________.

    <p>line extension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the pricing strategy to its description:

    <p>Geographical Pricing = Pricing varies based on geographic location Psychological Pricing = Pricing designed to have a psychological impact Discount Pricing = Reduction in price to encourage purchase Segmented Pricing = Different prices for different customer segments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential drawback of co-branding?

    <p>Reputational risk between brands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Store brands typically yield lower profit margins compared to national brands.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Give one example of a line extension for the iPhone product line.

    <p>iPhone SE or iPhone Pro series</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary reason for implementing a new brand?

    <p>To establish different features that appeal to varying customer segments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Offering too many new brands can strengthen a company's market presence.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential risk of creating multiple brands within the same product category?

    <p>Each brand might obtain only a small market share.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Companies may launch a new brand if their existing brand name is ___.

    <p>waning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a consequence of spreading resources over many brands?

    <p>Dilution of focus on building strong, profitable brands (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A manifest branding strategy is solely based on intentional branding efforts.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one reason a company might enter a new product category with a new brand.

    <p>To avoid diluting its existing brand.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential reason for implementing brand extensions?

    <p>To meet consumer desires for variety (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The perception of a brand can manifest from a company's ___.

    <p>actions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does psychological pricing aim to influence?

    <p>Customer behavior based on price perception (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Brand extensions always enhance the brand reputation of a parent brand.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Provide an example of a company that has successfully implemented brand extension.

    <p>Apple</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The practice of a company creating multiple brands within the same product category is known as ______.

    <p>multibranding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following pricing strategies with their descriptions:

    <p>Geographical Pricing = Setting prices based on location or market region Psychological Pricing = Setting prices that have a psychological impact Segmented Pricing = Charging different prices for the same product in different markets Discount Pricing = Reducing prices temporarily to boost sales</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a possible risk associated with brand extensions?

    <p>Confusion regarding the image of the main brand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A brand extension can sometimes fail and negatively affect consumer attitudes toward the parent brand.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one advantage of using brand extensions compared to creating new brands.

    <p>Lower development costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Companies like Procter & Gamble utilize ______ to market different brands for the same product category.

    <p>multibranding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the main purpose of a brand extension?

    <p>To leverage existing brand equity for new products (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do product qualities ensure about a product?

    <p>Ability to perform its function with quality and consistency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Branding provides a platform for sellers to tell stories and claim legal protection.

    <p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of a logo?

    <p>To create a recognizable visual mark that differentiates a brand from its competitors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of adding more items within the existing range of products is called ______.

    <p>line filling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a key aspect of product features?

    <p>Determining the price of the product (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Innovative packaging does not play a role in attracting customers.

    <p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does product support services contribute to?

    <p>Building lasting relationships with customers after the sale.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Branding encompasses the overall strategy and process of creating a unique ______ for a product.

    <p>identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is emphasized in product support services?

    <p>Keeping customers happy after the sale (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Store Brands

    Brands owned and marketed by retailers, offering competitive pricing and unique products

    Licensed Brand

    A brand allowing other companies to produce products under their name for a fee

    Co-Branding

    Two brands collaborate to create a single product with both names

    Line Extension

    Expanding an existing brand to new variations (colors, sizes, flavors) within the same category

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    iPhone Line Extension

    Apple broadened their iPhone product line by offering different models like SE and Pro series appealing to diverse needs

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    Store Brand Advantages

    Retailers gain from higher profit margins and exclusive product differentiation.

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    Line Extension Strategy

    A company extends existing brand name to new forms, colors, flavors within the same category to attract customers or prevent brands from competing directly

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    Co-Branding Risks

    Collaboration can be complex and damage to one brand can impact the other

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    Brand Extension

    Using an existing brand name for a new product in a different category.

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    Reason for Brand Extension

    Low cost, low risk product introduction, variety for consumers, use of excess capacity, more shelf space.

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    Brand Extension Risk

    The extended brand name might lose its meaning, or additional extensions may add little value.

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    Successful Brand Extension

    The new product fits with the parent brand and helps create a competitive advantage.

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    Multi-Branding

    A company introducing new brands in the same product category.

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    Multi-Branding Example

    Procter & Gamble using different brands (Pantene, Head & Shoulders) in the same shampoo market.

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    Brand Extension Benefit

    Immediate familiarity and acceptance for a new product by leveraging an existing brand.

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    Brand Extension possible problem

    A brand name might not be suitable for a new product, causing potential image confusion or negative consumer attitudes.

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    Brand Extension potential risk

    Negative consumer response to a failed brand extension. Also, brand dilution where the main image is harmed.

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    Multi-Brand Approach

    Creates multiple brands targeting different customer segments within the same product category.

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    Product Line Stretching

    Expanding a product line beyond its current range by adding new products at either the higher or lower end of the spectrum.

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    Downward Stretching

    Adding lower-priced products to a product line to attract price-sensitive customers or compete in a new market segment.

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    Product Qualities

    The ability of a product to perform its function consistently and without defects, meeting customer expectations.

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    Upward Stretching

    Adding higher-priced products to a product line to enhance brand image, target premium customers, or increase profit margins.

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    Product Features

    Unique elements of a product that differentiate it from competitors and add value for customers.

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    Product Style & Design

    The visual appeal and aesthetics of a product, aiming to attract attention and create a desirable impression.

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    Two-Way Stretching

    Expanding both upward and downward simultaneously to cover a wider range of market segments.

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    Product Mix

    The complete set of product lines and individual items that a company offers for sale. It encompasses everything the company markets to its customers.

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    Branding Benefits

    Branding helps identify products, assure quality, tell stories, protect legal rights, and segment the market.

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    Packaging

    The container or wrapping of a product, designed to be innovative, distinctive, and environmentally friendly.

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    Product Support Services

    Assistance provided to customers after the sale, including troubleshooting, repairs, and guidance.

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    Product Line

    A group of closely related products that function similarly, target similar customers, and are sold through similar channels.

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    Line Filling

    Adding more items within an existing product line to offer greater variety and cater to diverse needs.

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    Why Extend a Brand?

    Companies often extend brands to capture a larger market share, appeal to diverse customer segments, or enter new product categories effectively.

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    Risks of Brand Extension

    Extending a brand too aggressively can dilute the brand's image, spread resources too thin, or face competition from existing brands in the new category.

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    Manifest Branding

    A brand's identity and perception naturally evolving through a company's actions, behaviors, and decisions, rather than intentional branding efforts.

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    What Shapes Manifest Branding?

    A brand's image is influenced by product offerings, customer service, business decisions, corporate culture, and various interactions with the public.

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    Intentional vs. Manifest Branding

    Intentional branding involves deliberate strategies to create a specific brand image, while manifest branding is how that image naturally forms through actions and interactions.

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    Brand Dilution

    The weakening of a brand's image or distinctiveness due to over-extension, inconsistent quality, or negative publicity.

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    New Brand Creation

    Launching a completely new brand, often when existing brand names are unsuitable for new product categories or when seeking distinct market appeal.

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    New Brand Risks

    Creating too many new brands can lead to resource depletion, confusion among consumers, or failing to establish strong branding in any single brand.

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    Brand Differentiation

    Creating unique brand personalities and value propositions to stand out in competitive markets, appealing to specific target segments.

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    Study Notes

    Marketing

    • Definition: Process of creating value for customers and building strong relationships to capture value in return.
    • Activities involve creating, communicating, delivering, and exchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners, and society.
    • Organizations that do not need a marketing strategy: monopolies and commodity firms, but specifically some not-for-profit firms, and firms in industries associated with negative externalities like tobacco, alcohol, gambling, or weapons manufacturing
    • Organizations that typically benefit from marketing efforts: healthcare, because it affects Public Health and Safety considerations, ethical implications [misinformation and emotional exploitation], and regulatory considerations and legal liability
    • Profits are calculated as: π = (p − v) × q where π = Profits, p = Price Per Unit, v = Variable Cost Per Unit, q = Quantity sold in units, and f = Fixed Costs of production (eg. advertising)

    Creating and Capturing Customer Value

    • Needs: States of deprivation (basic physical needs, social needs for belonging/affection or self-expression)
    • Wants: Shaped by culture and individual personality; desires for objects to satisfy needs
    • Demands: Wants backed by buying power; desires for products/services with greatest value
    • Customer Value and Satisfaction: Expectations about value & satisfaction lead to buying decisions
    • Market Offerings: combinations of products, services, information, or experiences offered to a market to satisfy a need or a want.

    Sustainable Marketing Practices

    • Increasing trend companies spending more on sustainability or climate issues
    • Companies use marketing elements to address climate issues (i.e. changing products or services, partners, marketing promotions, distribution, and market selection).
    • Calls for socially and environmentally responsible actions.

    Relationship Building

    • Create customer loyalty and retention to capture customer lifetime value
    • Grow share of customer (getting a larger portion of customer's purchasing)
    • Build customer equity (total combined lifetime values of all customers)

    Customer Value-Driven Marketing Strategy

    • Ask yourself: What customers will we serve (target market)?
    • How can we best serve them (value proposition)?
    • Differentiation and Positioning
      • Brand's value proposition: set of benefits or values promised to satisfy needs
      • Value proposition: Solving the "Why should I buy from you than other competitors?"

    Selling Vs. Marketing Concepts

    • Selling concept: focuses on creating sales volume through promoting existing products
    • Marketing concept: focuses on satisfying customer needs & wants via integrated marketing

    The Social Marketing Concept

    • This concept is based on long-term welfare rather than just short-term wants for customers.

    Role of Marketing in Strategic Planing

    • Developing and maintaining a strategic fit between the organization's goals and capabilities and its changing marketing opportunities.
      • Defining company's mission
      • Setting company objectives and goals
      • Designing the business portfolio
      • Planning marketing and other functional strategies
    • Product Orientation emphasizes "What's in it for you", and customers' needs- Market Orientation emphasizes "What do we want in return?"

    Customer Value-Driven Marketing Strategy and the Marketing Mix

    • Product: Variety, Quality, Design, Features, Brand Name, Packaging, Services
    • Price: List price, Discounts, Allowances, Payment Period
    • Place: Channels, Coverage, Locations
    • Promotion: Advertising, Personal Selling, Sales Promotion, Public Relations, Direct and Digital

    The Marketing Mix and Marketing Strategy

    • Effective marketing: creates customer value and profitable customer relationships
    • Marketing Strategy: the marketing logic by which the company hopes to create customer value and achieve profitable customer relationships.
    • Key questions: what customers will we serve (target market)? How we can best serve them (value proposition)?
    • Difference between Product vs. Market Orientation:
      • Product: emphasizes customer wants not customer needs. Market: emphasizes making products meet customer needs
    • Strategies:
      • Production Concept: consumers want available and affordable products
      • Product Concept: products have high quality, performance, and innovative features

    Ethics in Marketing

    • Do no harm: consciously avoiding harmful actions or omissions
    • Foster trust: fair dealing, ethical communication & proper product/service delivery
    • Embrace ethical values: honesty, responsibility, fairness, respect, transparency, and citizenship

    Sustainable Marketing Practices

    • Increased spending on sustainability/climate-related issues
    • Companies apply strategies to address issues relating to climate (changing products/services, etc)
    • Actions that benefit present consumer needs while still positively impacting future generations.

    Marketing Strategy and the Market Analysis

    • Microenvironment: actors close to the company impacting service delivery (company, suppliers, marketing intermediaries, competitors, publics)
    • Macroenvironment: larger social forces affecting the microenvironment (demographic, economic, natural, technological, political, cultural forces)

    Company and Marketing Strategy

    • Role of marketing in strategy planning: aligning the company's goals, capabilities with changing marketing opportunities.
    • Key elements: Defining the company's mission, setting company objectives and goals, designing the business portfolio, planning marketing and other functional strategies.

    Consumer Analysis and Buying Behavior

    • Consumer Markets: buyers for personal use, often with elastic & variable demand
    • Business Markets: organizations buying for use in production, often with inelastic & derived demand
    • Buyer behaviors are driven by: Cultural factors, Social factors, Personal factors, Psychological factors
    • Buying Process stages: Need recognition; Information search, evaluation of alternatives, purchase decisions, and post-purchase behavior
    • Types of decisions: Routine, Extensive, Limited, or Complex

    Market Research

    • Big data: massive, complex datasets
    • Customer insights: fresh, deep understanding of customers' needs and wants
    • Difficulties accessing, maintaining, interpreting, and analyzing big data (lack of skills, resources)
    • Importance of customer insights (understanding, improving offerings, & effective campaigns)
    • Importance of customer insight teams: holistic view, analyzing data from multiple sources, and customer satisfaction and loyalty
    • Methodologies: Exploratory, descriptive, and causal.

    The Marketing Mix

    • Product: a good, service or idea offered to the market for exchange
    • Price: the amount of money charged for the product or service
    • Place: the activities to make the product or service accessible to the target customer
    • Promotion: the process to communicate the value proposition to the target customer
    • Understanding product and service life cycles
    • Applying concepts relating to product, brand, and customer segments

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    Related Documents

    Marketing Lesson 1 & 2 - PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on marketing concepts such as product mix, co-branding, and pricing strategies. This quiz evaluates your understanding of brand extensions, store brands, and the implications of introducing various product types. Challenge yourself with questions related to everyday marketing practices and theories.

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