Marketing Pricing Strategies Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal of retail (or resale) price maintenance?

  • To encourage competitive pricing among retailers
  • To allow retailers to charge any price they want
  • To ensure uniform pricing across different retailers (correct)
  • To decrease product demand among consumers

Which of the following best describes deceptive pricing?

  • Stating misleading prices or savings that are not real (correct)
  • Encouraging a price match policy to increase competitiveness
  • Providing accurate information about true price savings
  • Offering promotions that are transparent to consumers

How can companies effectively respond to price changes from competitors?

  • By reducing customer service quality
  • By increasing production costs to boost perceived value
  • By reducing their price to match the competition (correct)
  • By ignoring competitors and expecting consumer loyalty

What is a primary benefit of cost-plus pricing?

<p>Minimizes price competition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'upstream' refer to in the context of marketing channels?

<p>Firms providing raw materials and components for production (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pricing strategy involves charging a constant low price with few or no discounts?

<p>Everyday Low Pricing (EDLP) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is considered a part of downstream marketing channels?

<p>Retailers distributing products to consumers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pricing approach focuses on attaching additional features to justify higher prices?

<p>Value-added Pricing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant disadvantage of good-value pricing?

<p>It ignores demand and competitor prices (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which external factor can significantly influence pricing strategies?

<p>Government regulations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pricing strategy focuses on competitor analysis?

<p>Competition-based Pricing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In break-even pricing, what is the primary goal?

<p>Ensure target return on investment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy combines high everyday prices with occasional sales?

<p>High-low Pricing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of business analysis in the context of new product development?

<p>Reviewing sales, costs, and profit projections (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does product development aim to achieve?

<p>Transform an idea into a physical product (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation is test marketing most likely to occur?

<p>For new products with significant investment and uncertainty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of successful commercialization?

<p>Determining the timing and location of the product launch (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential risk in turbulent market times?

<p>Reducing spending on new product initiatives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can innovation management contribute to a company's culture?

<p>By creating an innovation-oriented atmosphere (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is unlikely to prompt test marketing?

<p>A straightforward line extension (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does marketing primarily aim to create for customers?

<p>Strong relationships and value (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is psychological pricing primarily focused on?

<p>Considering the psychological impact of prices on buyers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does freight-absorption pricing imply for the seller?

<p>The seller pays all or part of the shipping costs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of pricing is designed to boost sales in the short-run?

<p>Promotional pricing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of dynamic pricing?

<p>Prices are adjusted based on individual customer needs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In FOB-origin pricing, who pays for the shipping costs to the customer's area?

<p>The seller (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does geographical pricing primarily consider?

<p>The location of customers (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following reflects international pricing?

<p>Adjusting prices based on regional economic conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of promotion involves limited-time offers or cash rebates?

<p>Promotional pricing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered personal communication?

<p>Face-to-face conversations (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do opinion leaders play in buzz marketing?

<p>They spread information about products in their communities. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a step in the communication process?

<p>Create product design (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component is involved in the design of a message?

<p>How to hold interest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the 'A' in the AIDA model stand for?

<p>Awareness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of media is classified as non-personal communication?

<p>Television ads (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a goal of the communication objectives?

<p>Enhance awareness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of collecting feedback in the communication process?

<p>To assess message impact and perception (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the supply chain?

<p>Transforming raw materials into final products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a vertical marketing system (VMS)?

<p>A unified system among producers, wholesalers, and retailers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do channel members add value to products?

<p>By transforming assortments of products into desired assortments for consumers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes multichannel distribution systems?

<p>A firm using multiple marketing channels to reach different consumer segments (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What best describes disintermediation?

<p>Cutting out intermediaries from the marketing channel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which channel system exclusively allows one distributor to operate within a specified territory?

<p>Exclusive Distribution (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of channel flow connections?

<p>To manage the movement of products, ownership, payment, information, and promotion (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a contractual vertical marketing system from other types?

<p>It involves independent firms at different production levels linked by contracts (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of evaluating channel alternatives, what does 'channel power dynamics' refer to?

<p>The control and influence one channel member holds over others (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of retailers within the distribution system?

<p>To directly sell products or services to final consumers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'omnichannel retailing' primarily focus on?

<p>Integrating various sales channels for a seamless customer experience (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which responsibility must channel members agree upon?

<p>Conditions of sale and territory rights (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of marketing logistics?

<p>To plan, implement, and control physical product flow (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of distribution sells products in as many places as possible?

<p>Intensive Distribution (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Business Analysis

The process of analyzing potential new product sales, costs, and profit projections to determine if it aligns with company goals.

Product Development

Transforming a product concept into a tangible product, ensuring its viability for the marketplace.

Test Marketing

Testing a new product and its marketing plan in real-world settings to gauge consumer response.

Commercialisation

The process of launching a new product into the market, encompassing decisions like timing, location, and market rollout strategy.

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Innovation Management System

A set of processes designed to generate and manage new product ideas within a company.

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Innovation-Oriented Company Culture

An organizational culture that values and encourages innovation, leading to a high volume of potential new product ideas.

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New Product Development in Turbulent Times

Companies may be tempted to reduce spending on new product development during turbulent economic times, which can lead to reduced competitiveness and market share.

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Price Marketing

A strategic approach where companies focus on building strong customer relationships and creating value for them, aiming to capture value in return.

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Relationship Marketing

A marketing strategy where companies focus on building strong customer relationships and providing value to customers in order to capture value in return.

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Upstream Partners

A set of partner firms that supply raw materials, components, parts, information, finances, and expertise needed to create a product or service.

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Downstream Partners

Marketing or distribution channel partners that help a company reach its customers, including retailers, wholesalers, distributors, and logistics providers.

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Supply Chain Management

The process of managing the flow of goods and services, including the planning, sourcing, production, and distribution of products.

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Retail Price Maintenance

The practice of requiring a dealer to charge a specific retail price for a product, which is illegal.

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Psychological Pricing

Using prices to convey a message about the quality or value of a product.

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Reference Prices

Prices that consumers use as a benchmark when looking for a specific good.

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Promotional Pricing

Temporarily lowering prices to boost short-term sales.

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Geographical Pricing

A pricing strategy where sellers adjust prices based on location, considering factors like transportation costs.

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Freight-absorption

Seller absorbs all or part of the shipping cost to encourage sales.

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Dynamic Pricing

A pricing strategy where prices are constantly adjusted to match individual customer needs and situations.

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International Pricing

A pricing strategy where prices are adjusted based on different market characteristics in each country.

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International Prices

Using different pricing strategies for different countries, considering factors like demand, competition, and market conditions.

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Cost-plus Pricing

A pricing strategy where a standard markup is added to the cost of producing a product.

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Good-value Pricing

A pricing strategy that focuses on providing good value to customers by offering a combination of quality and service at a fair price.

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Everyday Low Pricing (EDLP)

A pricing strategy that involves consistently offering low prices with few or no temporary discounts.

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High-low Pricing

A pricing strategy that involves charging higher prices on a daily basis but running temporary sales on selected items.

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Value-added Pricing

A pricing strategy that involves adding value-added features and services to differentiate products from competitors and justifying higher prices.

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Competition-based Pricing

A pricing strategy where prices are set based on competitors' strategies, costs, prices, and market offerings.

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Target Costing

Determining the desired selling price based on customer value and then calculating target costs to achieve that price.

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External and Internal Factors Affecting Price

Prices can be influenced by various internal and external factors, such as economic conditions, reseller responses, government regulations, and social concerns.

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Choosing Communication Media

Choosing the right method to reach your audience, whether it's one-on-one, through media, or by tapping into influential people.

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Personal Communication

Direct communication between two or more people, like talking on the phone or writing an email.

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Opinion Leaders

People whose opinions are respected by others and influence purchasing decisions.

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Buzz Marketing

A strategy to leverage opinion leaders to spread the word about a product or service.

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Non-Personal Communication

Communication methods that reach a wide audience without personal contact, such as TV ads or billboards.

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Message Impact

The effectiveness of how a message is received depends on the audience's perception of the communicator.

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AIDA Framework

AIDA is a framework to design effective messages: Attention, Interest, Desire, Action.

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Communication Objectives

Clearly defining your objectives in communication, whether it's raising awareness, changing perceptions, or driving sales.

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Marketing Channel

A set of interdependent organizations that work together to make products or services available to consumers.

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Channel Level

A layer of intermediaries (like wholesalers or retailers) involved in bringing products from the producer to the final buyer.

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Direct Marketing Channel

A marketing channel with no intermediaries, directly connecting the producer with the consumer.

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Indirect Marketing Channel

A marketing channel with at least one intermediary level, like a wholesaler or retailer.

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Channel Conflict

Disagreement among channel members about goals, roles, or rewards.

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Horizontal Conflict

Conflict that occurs between channel members at the same level, like two retailers competing for the same customer.

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Vertical Conflict

Conflict that occurs between channel members at different levels, like a manufacturer and a retailer disagreeing about pricing.

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Horizontal Marketing Systems (VMS)

Channel systems where multiple companies at the samelevel join forces to achieve a common marketing goal.

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Vertical Marketing Systems (VMS)

A channel system where producers, wholesalers, and retailers work together as a unified system with clear leadership, aiming to achieve a common goal

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Corporate VMS

A type of VMS where different levels of production and distribution are combined under a single company ownership.

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Contractual VMS

A type of VMS where independent firms at different levels cooperate through contracts to achieve a shared goal.

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Administered VMS

A type of VMS where one dominant party, often a large retailer or manufacturer, coordinates the activities of the other channel members.

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Franchise Organization

A type of contractual VMS where a central franchisor grants the rights to operate a business using its specific methods and brand to multiple independent franchisees.

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Intensive Distribution

A strategy for reaching a large number of customers and ensuring wide product availability, often used for convenience goods.

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Exclusive Distribution

A strategy for controlling distribution to a limited number of outlets, usually for higher-end products.

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Study Notes

Course Information

  • Professor: Fernando Soria Prados
  • Number of sessions: 25
  • Duration of homework/materials viewing: 10 days
  • Intermediate grades: 1 - 3%, 2 - 3%, 3 - 3%
  • Practical case studies: 1, 2

Part I: Introduction to the Course (Session 1)

Part II: The Four Pillars of Marketing Mix (Session 2 - 16)

  • Strategic planning crucial before working on the 4Ps

8.1 What is a Product?

  • Product encompasses anything offered in a market for purchase, use, or consumption satisfying needs/wants.
  • Levels of a product:
  • Core Customer Value: the fundamental need the customer is fulfilling.
  • Actual Product: The tangible product with its characteristics (brand name, quality, packaging, design, and features).
  • Augmented Product: Additional features like warranty, delivery, and after-sale service.

8.2 Product & Service Decisions

  • Product attributes: Key characteristics impacting a product's ability to satisfy customer needs.

  • Quality: Crucial aspect influencing customer satisfaction.

  • Total quality management

  • Return on quality

  • Performance quality

  • Conformance quality

  • Brand: Differentiates a product.

  • Managing a brand is vital.

  • Positioning: Various levels, including attributes, benefits, beliefs, and values.

  • Brand selection and protection: Considerations like ease of pronunciation, memorability, extendibility, and ability for legal registration.

8.3 Services Marketing

  • Types: Government, private NGOs, business organizations.
  • Characteristics:
  • Intangibility
  • Inseparability
  • Variability
  • Perishability

8.4 Brand Strategy: Building Strong Brands

  • Brand equity: Indicates a brand's ability to capture consumer preference and loyalty.
  • Brand Value: Total financial value of a brand, which is the difference between balance sheet value and market capitalization value.

9.1 New Product Development Strategy

  • Acquisition, patent/license, and product modifications/improvements.

9.2 New Product Development Process

  • Idea generation
  • Idea screening
  • Concept development and testing
  • Marketing strategy, development
  • Business analysis.
  • Product development
  • Commercialization

10.1 What is a Price?

  • Price: Amount charged for a product or service. Value customers exchange for the benefit of owning/using the product/service.
  • Good to follow trends.

10.2 3 Major Price Strategies

  • Cost-based pricing: Sets prices based on production, distribution, and sales costs.
  • Customer value-based pricing: Adjusts prices according to customer perceptions of product value.
  • Competition-based pricing: Sets prices relative to competitors' strategies, costs, and market offerings.

10.3 External and Internal Factors

  • Balancing consumer needs with costs and price preferences.
  • Various types of competition include pure, monopolistic, oligopoly, and monopoly.
  • Demand-price relationship: Price elasticity of demand.

11.1 Major Strategies for New Products

  • Market skimming: Initial high prices to skim revenue from segments.
  • Market penetration: Low prices to attract buyers.

11.2 Maximize Profit

  • Product line pricing: Differentiating products within a line.
  • Optional product pricing: Offering add-ons to products.
  • Captive pricing: Offering products dependent on others.
  • By-product pricing: Pricing secondary products.
  • Product bundle pricing: Combining products at a reduced price.

11.3 Price Adjustment

  • Price discounting: Reduction to match customer response
  • Discount and Allowance pricing

11.4 Responding to Price Changes

  • Initiating price changes
  • Buyer's reactions to changes: Product and Company Greed
  • Competitor reactions

12.1 Why Companies Use Marketing Channels

  • Supply Chain and value delivery networks
  • Upstream, downstream, and demand chain
  • Value delivery network
  • Marketing Channels
  • Interdependent organizations
  • How members add value- transforming assortment
  • Importance of channels, direct vs. indirect

12.2 How Channel Members Interact - Channel Behavior

  • Conventional vs. Vertical Marketing Systems (VMS)
  • Multi-channel distribution systems
  • Disintermediation

12.3 Alternatives - Marketing Channel Design

  • Analyzing consumer needs
  • Setting channel objectives

12.4 Select, Motivate, Evaluate

13.1 Role of Retailers

  • Retailing activities selling directly to final customers
  • Omnichannel retailing- combining online, in-store, and mobile shopping.

14.1 5 Promotion Mix Tools

  • Promotion mix: Specific blend of promo used to communicate value and build customer relationships.
  • Advertising tools
  • Sales promotion tools
  • Personal selling tools
  • Public relations tools
  • Direct & digital marketing tools

14.2 Changing Communications Landscape

  • Changing communications landscape
  • New marketing communications model. New opportunities in marketing from old media to digital (social and mobile).
  • Integrating the firm's various communication channels.

14.3 Communication Process

  • Steps in the process: Identify target audience, determine communications objectives, design message, select message source, collect feedback.
  • Structure and format: How to say it

14.4 Setting Promotion Budget

  • Methods: Affordable, Percentage-of-Sales, Competitive-Parity, and Objective-and-Task

15.1 Role of Advertising

  • Advertising as a Paid form of Nonpersonal presentation
  • Different types of advertising (informative, persuasive, and reminder)
  • Objectives setting, communication, sales budget, message, media, evaluations, and returns

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