Market Structures and Competition Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

Which best describes the availability of substitutes in a monopoly?

  • There are many substitutes.
  • Substitutes are not relevant.
  • There are a few substitutes.
  • There are no substitutes. (correct)

Wellness Pharmaceuticals has released a new antidepressant, Lexabuzac. Which type of monopoly does the company most likely have on this medication?

  • Geographic monopoly
  • Technological monopoly (correct)
  • Natural monopoly
  • Market monopoly

The market for which item generally involves pure competition?

  • Soybeans
  • Wheat
  • Oil
  • Corn (correct)

Which best describes how the government enables government monopolies to exist?

<p>By creating and running a monopoly (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who sets the price in a monopolistic competition?

<p>Producers and consumers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The lack of competition within a monopoly means that

<p>Monopolists set their own prices. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is competition limited in an oligopoly?

<p>High entry costs prevent new producers from entering the market. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is an example of a government monopoly in the United States?

<p>The US Postal Service (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

______________ is the term used to describe the amount of control or influence that consumers have on a market.

<p>Sovereignty</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is the automobile industry considered an oligopoly?

<p>It is dominated by a few key players. (A), It depends on brand loyalty and image to generate sales. (B), It has significant barriers to entry. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When an oligopoly exists, how many producers dominate the market?

<p>a few</p> Signup and view all the answers

____________ is the type of competition that occurs in a competitive market without identical producers.

<p>Monopolistic</p> Signup and view all the answers

In pure competition, producers compete exclusively on the basis of

<p>sell identical items</p> Signup and view all the answers

Natural monopolies occur when one producer

<p>can meet the market's entire demand</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the United States, which type of industry is often considered part of an oligopoly?

<p>Cell phone carriers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which best describes how the government sanctions technological monopolies?

<p>By issuing patents for the technology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Monopoly Substitutes

In a monopoly, there are no close substitutes for the product.

Technological Monopoly

A monopoly based on control of a unique technology or process.

Pure Competition Example

Corn farming is generally considered a market with pure competition.

Government Monopoly Creation

Government entities can establish and manage monopolies.

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Monopolistic Competition Price

In monopolistic competition, both producers and consumers influence the price.

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Monopoly Pricing Power

Lack of competition in a monopoly allows the producer to control prices.

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Oligopoly Entry Barriers

High start-up costs limit new producers in an oligopoly market.

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US Government Monopoly

Examples are the US Postal Service, utilities run by the local government.

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Consumer Market Sovereignty

The degree of consumer influence on the market.

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Automobile Industry Type

The automobile industry is commonly seen as an oligopoly market.

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Oligopoly Producer Count

A small number of producers dominate the market in an oligopoly.

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Monopolistic Competition Definition

A market structure where competitors sell similar, but not identical, products.

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Pure Competition Basis

Producers in pure competition compete based solely on identical items.

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Natural Monopoly

A single producer can serve the entire market demand.

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Oligopoly Industry Example

Cell phone carriers are considered part of an oligopoly.

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Technological Monopoly Government Sanction

Issuing patents for innovative technologies enables companies to have a technological monopoly.

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Study Notes

Market Structures Overview

  • A monopoly is characterized by the absence of substitutes for the product offered.
  • Technological monopolies arise when a company possesses unique advancements, exemplified by Wellness Pharmaceuticals and its antidepressant Lexabuzac.

Competition Types

  • Pure competition typically occurs in markets dealing with homogeneous goods, such as corn.
  • Monopolistic competition involves numerous producers who influence prices collaboratively.

Government and Monopolies

  • Governments may create and operate monopolies, ensuring exclusivity in certain services, like the US Postal Service.
  • Technological monopolies receive government support in the form of patents, granting the innovator exclusive rights to the technology.

Oligopoly Dynamics

  • Oligopolies feature limited competition due to high market entry costs, which deter new entrants.
  • The automobile industry exemplifies an oligopoly because of substantial barriers to entry, brand loyalty significance, and dominance by a few key players.

Market Control

  • In monopolistic markets, monopolists have the power to set prices due to the lack of competition.
  • A general term for consumer influence over market conditions is "sovereignty."
  • In markets characterized by oligopoly, a few producers typically dominate.

Types of Competition

  • Monopolistic competition exists among non-identical producers, allowing for product differentiation.
  • In pure competition, producers compete solely based on selling identical goods.

Natural Monopolies

  • Natural monopolies emerge when a single producer can satisfy the entire market demand efficiently, reducing redundancy in supply.

Oligopoly Examples

  • Cell phone carriers in the United States are frequently cited as examples of industries operating under oligopoly conditions.

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