Marius and Sulla's Rivalry in Rome

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Questions and Answers

What was the main reason for Marius' military reforms?

To improve the training and equipment of the Roman army to be more professional (correct)

To create a more centralized command structure and reduce the power of generals

To increase the size of the Roman army by including landless citizens

To reduce the reliance on professional soldiers and rely on citizen soldiers

Marius' reforms abolished the requirement for land ownership for military service.

True (A)

What was the primary standard of the Roman legion introduced by Marius?

Aquila (eagle)

Marius introduced a new type of javelin with a ______ shaft, making it more effective against shields and preventing reuse by opponents.

softer iron Signup and view all the answers

Match the following military reforms with their respective impacts:

Expansion of Recruitment = Made military service accessible to landless citizens Standardization of Equipment = Ensured each legionary was fully armed and armored Professionalization of Army = Soldiers served longer terms, received land grants and were loyal to generals Increased Combat Experience = Longer service periods led to greater skill and knowledge in warfare Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary reason for the rivalry between Marius and Sulla?

Their differing approaches to military strategy during the Jugurthine war (C) Signup and view all the answers

Marius was elected as consul seven times, a unique event in Roman history.

True (A) Signup and view all the answers

What was the Social War (91-88 BCE), and how did it affect the rivalry between Marius and Sulla?

The Social War was a conflict between Rome and its Italian allies who sought Roman citizenship. Marius and Sulla both competed for military glory and political influence, leading to an intensification of their rivalry. Signup and view all the answers

Sulla's march on Rome in 88 BCE set a dangerous precedent for the use of the Roman army in ______ politics.

domestic Signup and view all the answers

What was Sulla's primary motivation for marching on Rome in 88 BCE?

To prevent Marius from taking command of the war against Mithridates VI (D) Signup and view all the answers

Sulla's dictatorship was a temporary position with a fixed term.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What were the main objectives behind Sulla's constitutional reforms?

Sulla sought to strengthen the power of the Senate, curtail the power of the tribunes, and restrict the rapid advancement of politicians by establishing stricter age requirements and intervals between offices. He also aimed to create a more structured legal system. Signup and view all the answers

Sulla introduced the ______ which broadly defined crimes against the state, providing a legal framework for persecuting political opponents.

lex Cornelia de maiestate Signup and view all the answers

Match the following changes with their respective categories during Sulla's dictatorship:

Expansion of Senate = Constitutional and Political Reforms Introduction of Lex Cornelia de Maiestate = Constitutional and Political Reforms Reorganization of Quaestiones Perpetuae = Judicial and Administrative Changes Voluntarily relinquishing power = Judicial and Administrative Changes Signup and view all the answers

How did Marius' military reforms contribute to the decline of the Roman Republic?

They created a powerful and professional army that could easily be used for political purposes by ambitious generals. (C) Signup and view all the answers

The rivalry between Marius and Sulla ultimately resolved many of the problems facing the Roman Republic.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the rivalry between Marius and Sulla?

Increased emphasis on traditional Roman values and institutions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

The conflict between Marius and Sulla was purely personal and did not have any lasting impact on Roman history.

False (B) Signup and view all the answers

What were some of the key military reforms implemented by Marius?

Marius reformed the Roman army by introducing professional soldiers who were paid and loyal to their commanders, creating a standing army that was independent of the Senate. He also introduced new tactics and equipment, including the use of javelins. Signup and view all the answers

The rivalry between Marius and Sulla marked a turning point in Roman history, setting dangerous precedents for using ______ force in politics.

military Signup and view all the answers

Match the following figures with their key contributions to the decline of the Roman Republic:

Marius = Military reforms created a professional army Sulla = Dictatorship demonstrated the vulnerability of the Republic to autocratic rule Caesar = Conquered Gaul and later crossed the Rubicon, leading to civil war Pompey = Rivaled Caesar, initially allied with him but later became his enemy Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Marius and Sulla

Two Roman leaders whose rivalry sparked a civil war and changed Rome's political landscape.

Civil War

A war between factions within the same country, here between Marius and Sulla's forces.