Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of a steering gear in a ship?
To steer the ship either to the port side or starboard side as required during voyage.
What are the basic requirements of a steering gear system?
To be continuously available, move the rudder rapidly, relieve abnormal stress, and maintain the ship on course.
According to SOLAS 1974, what is the requirement for steering gear systems in passenger ships?
The auxiliary gear must be power operated in passenger ships with rudder stocks over 230mm (9 inches) in diameter.
What is the purpose of having an auxiliary steering gear system in addition to the main system?
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How is the rudder stock diameter determined for the purpose of steering gear system installation?
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What is the minimum requirement for the Auxiliary steering gear in terms of rudder movement and time?
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What is the purpose of the locking or brake arrangement in steering gears?
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What type of fluid should be used in the steering gear hydraulic systems?
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What is the special requirement for the main steering gear of Tankers and Gas carriers over 10000 tons gross tonnage?
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What is the purpose of the rudder stops in the steering system?
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Study Notes
Steering Gear Introduction
- A steering gear is essential for steering a ship during its voyage, and its design must be perfect to avoid malfunction or failure.
- The basic requirements of a steering gear include:
- Being continuously available
- Moving the rudder rapidly to any position in response to bridge orders
- Holding the rudder in the required position
- Relieving abnormal stress and returning the rudder to its required position
- Maintaining the ship's course despite wind and waves
Steering Gear Principles
- The statutory requirements for steering gear systems are specified in SOLAS 1974 and amended in 1981.
- All ships must have two independent steering gear systems: one main and one auxiliary, unless the main gear has duplicate power units and connections.
- The auxiliary gear must be power-operated in passenger ships with rudder stocks over 230mm in diameter and in cargo ships with rudder stocks over 250mm in diameter.
- The auxiliary gear must be capable of moving the rudder from 15 degrees on one side to 15 degrees on the other side in not more than 60 seconds.
- The main steering gear must be powerful enough to move the rudder from 35 degrees on one side to 35 degrees on the other side when the ship is fully loaded and running at maximum speed.
- The time taken to move the rudder from 35 degrees on either side to 30 degrees on the other side must not exceed 28 seconds.
- One power unit is required on passenger ships, and two on cargo ships.
- An alternative steering position is required, remote from the main steering position.
- Failure of either control system must not put the other system out of action.
- All steering gears must have a locking or brake arrangement to hold the rudder steady when necessary.
- Power steering gears must be fitted with shock-relieving arrangements.
Special Requirements for Tankers
- The main steering gear of tankers, gas carriers over 10000 tons gross tonnage, and all other vessels over 70000 tons gross tonnage must comprise two or more identical power units.
- The system must be capable of steering the ship at maximum ahead speed and capable of moving the rudder from 35 degrees to 35 degrees.
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