Marine Plastic Footprint: Science-Based Metrics

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

According to the report, what is the estimated amount of plastic leaking into the global ocean every year?

  • 6 million tonnes
  • 12 million tonnes (correct)
  • 24 million tonnes
  • 36 million tonnes

Which of the following does the Marine Plastic Footprint methodology aim to improve?

  • The cost-effectiveness of plastic recycling
  • The use of fossil fuels in plastic production
  • The breakdown of plastics in landfills
  • The understanding of marine plastic leakage (correct)

What is the primary focus of the Marine Plastic Footprint methodology, as described in the context?

  • Analyzing the social factors contributing to plastic waste generation
  • Inventorying plastic fluxes leaking into the marine environment (correct)
  • Assessing the economic impacts of plastic pollution
  • Identifying the sources of microplastic contamination in drinking water

What are the key steps to applying the Marine Plastic Footprint methodology?

<p>Defining the study's objective, determining the functional unit, selecting system boundaries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of 'loss rate' and 'release rate' in the context of marine plastic leakage?

<p>Loss rate quantifies plastic leaving a system; release rate quantifies how much lost plastic ends up in the ocean. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor primarily determines whether plastic waste is categorized as 'mismanaged'?

<p>Whether the material is littered or inadequately disposed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do cultural behaviors, climatic conditions and geographic specificities influence release rates?

<p>They have significant influence on release rates. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Marine Plastic Footprint, what is meant by 'plastic fate'?

<p>The plastic transport from loss to release and transformation after release (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is the aim of the MARILCA working group?

<p>To foster a harmonized development of marine impact pathways in LCA (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two stages of breaking down loss rates and release rates?

<p>Product Dependent / Infrastructure Dependent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key focus of the Marine Plastic Footprint methodology to guide eco-design projects?

<p>Understanding leakage pathways by waste characteristics and local parameters. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factors does the degree that the waste is mismanaged depend on?

<p>Plastic's residual value and likelihood of it being collected through informal waste collection systems (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes primary microplastics from secondary microplastics regarding oceanic pollution?

<p>Primary microplastics enter already at a micro-format whereas secondary derive from larger plastics' degradation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What elements are necessary for the increase of the material amount of plastics?

<p>Prioritizing their usage for restrained applications only. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which measure reflects a company's influence over the context in which they operate?

<p>Developing plastic stewardship (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary recommendation for industries exporting to different markets in reducing marine plastic leakage from textiles?

<p>Sound identification of the marine plastic leakage for plastic industries exporting in different markets (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why does the study focus on inventorying plastic flows into the marine environment but excludes investigation on releases into the terrestrial environment?

<p>Beyond (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to accurately measure littering rates when evaluating plastic waste?

<p>They may account, it's tricky accounting what falls. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to reported European stats, what is the typical material comprising tires?

<p>A mix. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why must we continue the study with standardization for future use?

<p>Has a few holes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are some of the key marine environments needing effective assessment for current threats?

<p>Everywhere (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

As noted in the foreword, which item can reverse trend?

<p>Private sector. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

About 90% of the plastic is produced from fossil fuels. What % of total oil consumption is this?

<p>20% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Though only 7% of plastics has far been recycled, where are recycling averages growing in the recent era?

<p>Many nations, Europe notably. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What accounts for why it is not considered wise to simply shift to circular solutions quickly?

<p>Solutions could be wrong (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For a product, what must one always consider for its FU (functional unit)?

<p>Intention and purpose. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Littering is the incorrect disposal of an item - what tends to be the usual items?

<p>Single use type items. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Burning the waste can achieve a desired environmental outcome, so long as...

<p>It has correct fume treatment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If the data sources are few in their amount to the model for the marine plastic footprint, what data is known to be specifically highly unreliable according to current review?

<p>Fishing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the plastic release depend most on?

<p>The residual item value and probability of its collection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was concluded of the findings for the water basins?

<p>Microplastics impact high. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Besides fibers, what other materials should one account for when considering runoff?

<p>Asphalt pieces. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

With relation amount annual plastic waste per capita, which areas of earth tend to have the lowest?

<p>Scandinavia. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

One of ways to minimize waste is increase share of the well managed waste - where is that then treated?

<p>Sanitizer, Incinerators, recycling deposits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Among types plastics commonly found tires, besides synthetic rubber, what else?

<p>Reinforcements, processing and accelerators and activators. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The volume mass that the area of total plastics in consumer makes versus alternative products that need replaced and in full-fillment be?

<p>About 3.8 less than other. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Marine plastic leakage

The quantity of plastic flowing into waterways and oceans.

Loss rate

A measure of the inherent contributions of a product to plastic leakage.

Release Rate

The fraction of lost plastic that ultimately ends up in the marine compartment.

Microplastics

Plastic fragments that measure less than 5mm

Signup and view all the flashcards

Primary Microplastics

Plastic fragments entering the ocean already in micro format.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Secondary Microplastics

Plastic fragments resulting from the fragmentation of bigger plastic objects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Eco-designing

Designing products to reduce plastic leakage.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA)

An accounting method to assess results and trade-offs between different environmental aspects.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Circular Economy

A global economic model aiming to decouple economic growth from finite resource consumption.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Circularity

A concept describing how restorative the material flows of a product or company are.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Materiality of plastic

A metric to determine when plastic is good to use and when it should be substituted.

Signup and view all the flashcards

The Marine Plastic Footprint

Provides a comprehensive framework to measure the inventory of marine plastic leakage, step-by-step.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Mismanaged waste fraction

Estimating the mass of plastic ending up as waste.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Loss

Quantity of plastics that leaves the product system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Release

Fraction of the loss that is ultimately released into the marine compartment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Total Leakage Leakwaste

Quantity of ocean macroplastics depends on mass and release rate.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Marine Plastic Footprint

Can allow companies to set priorities by focusing on specific markets, life-cycle stages, or plastic sources.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Distance from coast

Using GIS, formula considers settlement's leakage based on distance from coast

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

The Marine Plastic Footprint

  • The Marine Plastic Footprint measures marine plastic leakage potential while considering plastic materiality and circularity.
  • It is a science-based metric.
  • Leakage is inventorying marine plastic.
  • Materiality is increasing the reuse of plastic items.
  • Circularity is increasing the circulation of plastics.
  • It was written by Julien Boucher, Guillaume Billard, Eleonora Simeone, and Joao Sousa.
  • The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) published it.

Goal

  • It is toward a science-based metric for measuring marine plastic leakage and increasing the materiality and circularity of plastic.

Acknowledgements

  • The authors thank those who contributed to the report, country representatives, and partner organizations that participated in events between 2017 and 2019.
  • They acknowledge the Swedish Postcode Foundation's contribution.
  • The authors also thank Julia Koskella, Emilia Jankowska, and Anna Kounina from Systemiq and Quantis.
  • Special thanks to Amy Sweeting for editing and Imre Sebestyén for discussions during the design process.

Summary and Purpose

  • 12 million tonnes of plastic leak into the global ocean every year, causing an environmental crisis.
  • Many industries are reducing their dependence on plastic.
  • There is no methodology to forecast marine plastic leakage from an industry or country.
  • The framework measures the inventory of leakage, using a life-cycle perspective.
  • It also offers generic data to calculate leakage from sources including plastic waste, textile fibres, tyre dust, and fishing nets.
  • It clarifies key concepts related to the Marine Plastic Footprint.
  • The approach focuses on inventorying plastic flows into the marine environment, not on terrestrial releases.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

More Like This

Impact of Plastic Waste on Marine Life
18 questions
Plastic Pollution and Marine Life Impact
40 questions
Marine Litter and Plastic Islands
10 questions
Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Browser