Marie Curie and Radioactivity
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Questions and Answers

What new elements did Marie Curie discover alongside her husband?

  • Radon and Thallium
  • Bismuth and Technetium
  • Uranium and Lithium
  • Polonium and Radium (correct)

    • Which field of study did Marie Curie help establish?

  • Nuclear Chemistry
  • Thermodynamics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Atomic Physics (correct)

    • How did Pierre Curie contribute to Marie Curie's research?

  • He continued his own research while she worked.
  • He independently discovered radium.
  • He provided financial support for her studies.
  • He joined her research after being fascinated by her work. (correct)

    • What was one major achievement of Marie Curie in 1911?

    <p>She was awarded her second Nobel Prize in Chemistry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemist collaborated with Marie Curie to isolate radium?

    <p>André-Louis Debierne</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguished the Nobel Prize awarded to the Curies and Henri Becquerel in 1903?

    <p>It was awarded for discoveries in radioactivity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What societal challenge did Marie Curie face while trying to pursue her education in Poland?

    <p>Women were not allowed to attend college.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What discovery is associated with Henri Becquerel in 1896?

    <p>Natural radioactivity of uranium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the conclusion drawn by Rutherford from his gold foil experiment?

    <p>Atoms have mass and positive charge concentrated in a central nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How did Bohr's view of electrons around the nucleus differ from classical physics?

    <p>Electrons possess fixed energy levels and orbit the nucleus at defined distances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the significance of Rutherford's model of the atom in the context of scientific understanding at the time?

    <p>It indicated that matter is mostly empty space with a central nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which particle did Rutherford identify and name based on his findings about atomic structure?

    <p>The proton, which he inferred must be a building block of elements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concept did Bohr introduce to explain how electrons transition between energy levels?

    <p>Electrons absorb or emit packets of energy known as quanta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what year did Rutherford publish his atomic model that was compared to a miniature solar system?

    <p>1911</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientific community sentiment did Rutherford's atomic model challenge?

    <p>The affection for the plum pudding model of atomic structure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who is credited with the final identification of the neutron, and in what year did this occur?

    <p>Chadwick in 1932.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant discovery did Marie Curie make in 1910?

    <p>She isolated pure radium.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the name of the mobile X-ray units used during World War I?

    <p>Petites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of radiation did Ernest Rutherford NOT identify?

    <p>Delta radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly lists the particles that make up alpha radiation?

    <p>Positively charged particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What health issue did Marie Curie ultimately succumb to due to her prolonged exposure to radiation?

    <p>Aplastic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientific principle did Rutherford's model of the atom introduce?

    <p>Atoms consist of a nucleus surrounded by mostly empty space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant scientific contribution did the Curies make regarding radioactive materials?

    <p>They coined the term 'radioactivity'.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What eventually led to a change in scientists' approach to working with radioactive substances?

    <p>Establishment of safety protocols</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Curie establish in her efforts to advance cancer treatment research?

    <p>Curie Foundation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Rutherford use to transform nitrogen atoms into oxygen?

    <p>Alpha particles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Marie Curie's perspective on her scientific discoveries?

    <p>Knowledge should be shared and not profited from.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which instability related to radioactive materials did Rutherford document?

    <p>Radioactive materials have varying half-lives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What tragedy struck Marie Curie in 1906?

    <p>Pierre Curie died in an accident.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Ernest Rutherford reveal about the atom in his investigations?

    <p>Atoms contain subatomic components.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Marie Curie

    • A Polish scientist who made groundbreaking discoveries in the field of radioactivity
    • Discovered polonium and radium in 1898 with her husband Pierre Curie
    • Won the Nobel Prize in Physics with her husband and Henri Becquerel in 1903 for their work on radioactivity
    • Won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1911 for her work on isolating radium
    • Founded the Curie Foundation, which pioneered cancer treatment using radium
    • Advocated for using scientific knowledge for humanitarian purposes
    • Died from radiation exposure

    Henri Bequerel

    • French physicist who discovered natural radioactivity in 1896
    • Studied phosphorescence and its connection to X-rays
    • Observed that uranium emits radiation, leading to the unit of radioactivity being named after him: the becquerel

    Ernest Rutherford

    • A New Zealand physicist who revolutionized our understanding of the atom and its structure
    • Identified alpha and beta radiation in 1899
    • Proposed the “Rutherford model” of the atom in 1911, which described a tiny positively charged nucleus orbited by electrons
    • Discovered the proton in 1919
    • Transmuted nitrogen into oxygen by bombarding it with alpha particles, demonstrating the process of nuclear fission

    Niels Bohr

    • Danish physicist who contributed to the understanding of atomic structure
    • Proposed that electrons occupy fixed energy levels and orbit the nucleus in shells
    • Utilized quantum physics to explain the limitations of classical physics in describing the Rutherford model

    Key Concepts in Atomic Theory

    • Radioactivity: The emission of energy from the nuclei of unstable atoms through the decay of particles such as alpha and beta radiation
    • Atom: The smallest unit of an element, consisting of a nucleus containing protons and neutrons, surrounded by a cloud of electrons
    • Atomic Nucleus: The dense, positively charged center of an atom containing protons and neutrons
    • Proton: A positively charged subatomic particle found in the nucleus
    • Neutron: A neutral subatomic particle found in the nucleus
    • Electron: A negatively charged subatomic particle that orbits the nucleus
    • Half-Life: The time it takes for half of a radioactive substance to decay
    • Transmutation: The process of changing one element into another through nuclear reactions
    • Quantum Physics: A theory describing the behavior of energy and matter at the atomic and subatomic levels

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    Description

    Explore the groundbreaking work of Marie Curie, Henri Becquerel, and Ernest Rutherford in the field of radioactivity. Discover their significant discoveries, contributions to science, and the impact on cancer treatment. This quiz will test your knowledge on these pioneering scientists and their achievements.

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