35 Questions
What type of placenta do mares have?
Diffuse and epitheliochorial
How does the length of a normal cord in mares compare to a pathologic cord?
Normal cords are similar in length to pathologic cords
What is the impact of cord torsion with more than 7 twists in mares?
Impaired circulation
What are the consequences of a pathologic cord torsion in mares?
Edema and impaired circulation
What is the typical number of twists in a normal cord of a mare?
3-4 twists
What is the key factor that placentation in mares is dependent on?
Endometrial surface area
Which condition is characterized by the combined thickness of the uterus and placenta?
Placentitis
What is the most common bacterium causing Streptococcal abortion in mares?
Streptococcus zooepidemicus
Which type of placentitis is characterized by Gram-positive, filamentous, branching bacteria present in the soil?
Nocardioform placentitis
What is the main characteristic of placentitis with regard to the thickness of the CTUP?
Anechoic CTUP
Which part of the mare's reproductive system is likely to be affected by Endometriosis?
Uterus
What type of bacteria are commonly associated with Hematogenous placentitis in mares?
Gram-positive, filamentous bacteria
What is the common clinical sign associated with uterine torsion in mares during mid to late pregnancy?
Colic signs
Which condition involves the slow development of a very large abdomen in mares?
Hydrops
What is the recommended management approach for a mare with hydramnion or hydroallantois?
Abdominal support bands
Which condition is characterized by conical placenta and often has partial obliteration of the lumen?
Placental insufficiency
What is the main symptom of fescue toxicosis in mares, as described in the text?
No udder development
How can uterine torsion in horses be diagnosed, as mentioned in the text?
Diagnosed by palpation and corrected by rolling the horse
What is a good indicator for placentitis in horses as mentioned in the text?
Serum Amyloid A (SAA)
In the treatment of placentitis in horses, which of the following is NOT mentioned as an antimicrobial option?
Pentoxifylline
Which type of abortion in horses is commonly associated with Aspergillus fumigatus according to the text?
Mycotic abortion
What is the most important type associated with Leptospiral abortions in mares according to the text?
Kennewicki type
In the context of late fall in mares, what can a polymerase chain reaction assay on urine identify?
Animals shedding leptospires
What is a potential consequence of Leptospira infection in pregnant mares?
Early pregnancy losses
How is mycotic abortion in mares typically managed?
Administering antibiotics
What clinical sign might be observed in mares affected by Equine Herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) during pregnancy?
Echogenic fluid around the fetus
What is a possible treatment approach for placentitis in mares?
Immune-modulating drugs
Which scenario is indicative of compromised fetal wellbeing in a pregnant mare?
Presence of edema and hemorrhage in the cord
In pregnant mares, what might indicate a potential case of mycotic abortion?
'Cloudy and flocculent' echogenic fluid around the fetus
What is a potential complication of leptospirosis in horses during pregnancy?
Stillbirth
Which treatment option is commonly used for managing placentitis in mares?
Intrauterine infusion of antibiotics
What is a potential consequence of EHV-1 infection in pregnant mares?
Neurological signs in the foal
Which type of bacteria is commonly associated with mycotic abortion in horses?
Aspergillus sp.
What is a recommended method for monitoring fetal wellbeing in mares during pregnancy?
Ultrasound to assess placental thickness
In the context of equine reproduction, which of the following statements about fetal monitoring is correct?
$ ext{Fetal heart rate exceeding 200 bpm is indicative of fetal distress}$
Learn about Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome (MRLS) which occurred in Kentucky in Spring 2001, causing significant reproductive issues in mares. Understand the symptoms, causes, and implications of MRLS in horses.
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