Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome (MRLS) in Horses

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Questions and Answers

What type of placenta do mares have?

  • Diffuse and epitheliochorial (correct)
  • Zonary and endotheliochorial
  • Cotyledonary and epitheliochorial
  • Diffuse and endotheliochorial

How does the length of a normal cord in mares compare to a pathologic cord?

  • Normal cords do not twist while pathologic cords do
  • Normal cords are similar in length to pathologic cords (correct)
  • Normal cords are much longer than pathologic cords
  • Normal cords are much shorter than pathologic cords

What is the impact of cord torsion with more than 7 twists in mares?

  • Enhanced circulation
  • Impaired circulation (correct)
  • Enhanced nutrient exchange
  • Decreased edema

What are the consequences of a pathologic cord torsion in mares?

<p>Edema and impaired circulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical number of twists in a normal cord of a mare?

<p>3-4 twists (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key factor that placentation in mares is dependent on?

<p>Endometrial surface area (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by the combined thickness of the uterus and placenta?

<p>Placentitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common bacterium causing Streptococcal abortion in mares?

<p>Streptococcus zooepidemicus (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of placentitis is characterized by Gram-positive, filamentous, branching bacteria present in the soil?

<p>Nocardioform placentitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of placentitis with regard to the thickness of the CTUP?

<p>Anechoic CTUP (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the mare's reproductive system is likely to be affected by Endometriosis?

<p>Uterus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria are commonly associated with Hematogenous placentitis in mares?

<p>Gram-positive, filamentous bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the common clinical sign associated with uterine torsion in mares during mid to late pregnancy?

<p>Colic signs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition involves the slow development of a very large abdomen in mares?

<p>Hydrops (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended management approach for a mare with hydramnion or hydroallantois?

<p>Abdominal support bands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by conical placenta and often has partial obliteration of the lumen?

<p>Placental insufficiency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main symptom of fescue toxicosis in mares, as described in the text?

<p>No udder development (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How can uterine torsion in horses be diagnosed, as mentioned in the text?

<p>Diagnosed by palpation and corrected by rolling the horse (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a good indicator for placentitis in horses as mentioned in the text?

<p>Serum Amyloid A (SAA) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the treatment of placentitis in horses, which of the following is NOT mentioned as an antimicrobial option?

<p>Pentoxifylline (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of abortion in horses is commonly associated with Aspergillus fumigatus according to the text?

<p>Mycotic abortion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most important type associated with Leptospiral abortions in mares according to the text?

<p>Kennewicki type (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of late fall in mares, what can a polymerase chain reaction assay on urine identify?

<p>Animals shedding leptospires (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of Leptospira infection in pregnant mares?

<p>Early pregnancy losses (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is mycotic abortion in mares typically managed?

<p>Administering antibiotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What clinical sign might be observed in mares affected by Equine Herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) during pregnancy?

<p>Echogenic fluid around the fetus (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible treatment approach for placentitis in mares?

<p>Immune-modulating drugs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which scenario is indicative of compromised fetal wellbeing in a pregnant mare?

<p>Presence of edema and hemorrhage in the cord (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In pregnant mares, what might indicate a potential case of mycotic abortion?

<p>'Cloudy and flocculent' echogenic fluid around the fetus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of leptospirosis in horses during pregnancy?

<p>Stillbirth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment option is commonly used for managing placentitis in mares?

<p>Intrauterine infusion of antibiotics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence of EHV-1 infection in pregnant mares?

<p>Neurological signs in the foal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bacteria is commonly associated with mycotic abortion in horses?

<p>Aspergillus sp. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a recommended method for monitoring fetal wellbeing in mares during pregnancy?

<p>Ultrasound to assess placental thickness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of equine reproduction, which of the following statements about fetal monitoring is correct?

<p>$ ext{Fetal heart rate exceeding 200 bpm is indicative of fetal distress}$ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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