Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome (MRLS) in Horses
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Questions and Answers

What type of placenta do mares have?

  • Diffuse and epitheliochorial (correct)
  • Zonary and endotheliochorial
  • Cotyledonary and epitheliochorial
  • Diffuse and endotheliochorial

    • How does the length of a normal cord in mares compare to a pathologic cord?

  • Normal cords do not twist while pathologic cords do
  • Normal cords are similar in length to pathologic cords (correct)
  • Normal cords are much longer than pathologic cords
  • Normal cords are much shorter than pathologic cords

    • What is the impact of cord torsion with more than 7 twists in mares?

  • Enhanced circulation
  • Impaired circulation (correct)
  • Enhanced nutrient exchange
  • Decreased edema

    • What are the consequences of a pathologic cord torsion in mares?

    <p>Edema and impaired circulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical number of twists in a normal cord of a mare?

    <p>3-4 twists</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor that placentation in mares is dependent on?

    <p>Endometrial surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by the combined thickness of the uterus and placenta?

    <p>Placentitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common bacterium causing Streptococcal abortion in mares?

    <p>Streptococcus zooepidemicus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of placentitis is characterized by Gram-positive, filamentous, branching bacteria present in the soil?

    <p>Nocardioform placentitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of placentitis with regard to the thickness of the CTUP?

    <p>Anechoic CTUP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the mare's reproductive system is likely to be affected by Endometriosis?

    <p>Uterus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bacteria are commonly associated with Hematogenous placentitis in mares?

    <p>Gram-positive, filamentous bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common clinical sign associated with uterine torsion in mares during mid to late pregnancy?

    <p>Colic signs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition involves the slow development of a very large abdomen in mares?

    <p>Hydrops</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended management approach for a mare with hydramnion or hydroallantois?

    <p>Abdominal support bands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by conical placenta and often has partial obliteration of the lumen?

    <p>Placental insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main symptom of fescue toxicosis in mares, as described in the text?

    <p>No udder development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can uterine torsion in horses be diagnosed, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Diagnosed by palpation and corrected by rolling the horse</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a good indicator for placentitis in horses as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Serum Amyloid A (SAA)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the treatment of placentitis in horses, which of the following is NOT mentioned as an antimicrobial option?

    <p>Pentoxifylline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of abortion in horses is commonly associated with Aspergillus fumigatus according to the text?

    <p>Mycotic abortion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important type associated with Leptospiral abortions in mares according to the text?

    <p>Kennewicki type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of late fall in mares, what can a polymerase chain reaction assay on urine identify?

    <p>Animals shedding leptospires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of Leptospira infection in pregnant mares?

    <p>Early pregnancy losses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is mycotic abortion in mares typically managed?

    <p>Administering antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What clinical sign might be observed in mares affected by Equine Herpesvirus-1 (EHV-1) during pregnancy?

    <p>Echogenic fluid around the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible treatment approach for placentitis in mares?

    <p>Immune-modulating drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario is indicative of compromised fetal wellbeing in a pregnant mare?

    <p>Presence of edema and hemorrhage in the cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In pregnant mares, what might indicate a potential case of mycotic abortion?

    <p>'Cloudy and flocculent' echogenic fluid around the fetus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential complication of leptospirosis in horses during pregnancy?

    <p>Stillbirth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option is commonly used for managing placentitis in mares?

    <p>Intrauterine infusion of antibiotics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of EHV-1 infection in pregnant mares?

    <p>Neurological signs in the foal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of bacteria is commonly associated with mycotic abortion in horses?

    <p>Aspergillus sp.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended method for monitoring fetal wellbeing in mares during pregnancy?

    <p>Ultrasound to assess placental thickness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of equine reproduction, which of the following statements about fetal monitoring is correct?

    <p>$ ext{Fetal heart rate exceeding 200 bpm is indicative of fetal distress}$</p> Signup and view all the answers

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