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Questions and Answers
What was the main change that happened to tribal chiefs during British rule?
How did the British view tribal groups who lived in the forests?
Which of the following best describes the land ownership system of the Mundas of Chottanagpur?
What was the term used in Madhya Pradesh for shifting cultivation?
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What was the main change that happened to the way tribal groups cultivated their land during the pre-19th century period?
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Study Notes
Maratha Confederacy
- The Maratha Confederacy was led by a Peshwa (Principal Minister) who served as the effective military and administrative head, based in Pune.
- Famous Maratha soldiers and statesmen of the late eighteenth century included Mahadji Sindhia and Nana Phadnis.
Wars with the British
- The Marathas were subdued in a series of wars with the British, including the First Anglo-Maratha War (ended in 1782 with the Treaty of Salbai), the Second Anglo-Maratha War (1803-05), and the Third Anglo-Maratha War (1817-19).
- The British gained control of Orissa and territories north of the Yamuna river, including Agra and Delhi, after the Second Anglo-Maratha War.
- The Third Anglo-Maratha War crushed Maratha power, and the Peshwa was removed and sent away to Bithur near Kanpur with a pension.
British Policy of Territorial Expansion
- The British East India Company pursued an aggressive policy of territorial expansion from the early nineteenth century.
- Under Lord Hastings (Governor-General from 1813 to 1823), the Company claimed paramountcy, stating that its authority was supreme and greater than that of Indian states.
- The British justified annexing or threatening to annex any Indian kingdom to protect its interests.
Tipu Sultan
- Tipu Sultan became the ruler of Mysore in 1782 and was known as the "Tiger of Mysore".
- He died defending his capital Seringapatam on 4 May 1799.
- A legend about Tipu Sultan tells of his bravery in a hunting incident where he battled a tiger unarmed and eventually killed it.
Maratha Power and Decline
- The Marathas were divided into many states under different chiefs (sardars) belonging to dynasties such as Sindhia, Holkar, Gaikwad, and Bhonsle.
- The Marathas' dream of ruling from Delhi was shattered after their defeat in the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the Maratha Confederacy and the Anglo-Maratha Wars in the late eighteenth century. Learn about famous Maratha soldiers, treaties, and the conflicts with the British East India Company.
