38 Questions
What is the main function of the sympathetic nervous system division of the autonomic nervous system?
To stimulate increased heart rate, rise in blood sugar level, and piloerection
What is the term for a slice through the brain parallel to the forehead?
Coronal or frontal section
What is the term for the direction toward the middle of the body, away from the side?
Medial
What is the phylogenetically newest part of the cortex composed of the four lobes?
Neocortex
What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?
To support activities involved with increases in the body's supply of stored energy
What is the term for a slice through the brain parallel to the ground?
Transverse or axial section
What is the part of the brain that is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?
Adrenal medulla
What is the term for the direction toward the side of the body, away from the middle?
Lateral
What is the part of the brain that is involved in speaking and muscle movements?
Frontal lobe
What is the term for the outmost layer of gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres?
Cerebral cortex
What is the function of the primary motor cortex?
Controlling voluntary movements
Which part of the brain is responsible for language processing?
Frontal lobe
What is the characteristic of speech in Broca's aphasia?
Meaningful, but halting, labored, and ungrammatical
What is the term for the difficulty in producing or comprehending speech caused by brain damage?
Aphasia
Which part of the brain is involved in receiving auditory information?
Temporal lobe
What is the characteristic of speech in Wernicke's aphasia?
Fluent and grammatical but lacking in meaning
What percentage of behaviorally unresponsive patients showed meaningful brain responses to questions?
13% of 42 patients
What is the primary reason why cochlear implants are most effective when given before age 2?
To increase the availability of the auditory cortex for hearing
What is the goal of constraint-induced therapy?
To rewire the brain by restraining a fully functioning limb
What is the term for the brain's capacity for modification, as evident in brain reorganization following damage?
Neuroplasticity
What kind of responses did researchers observe in some unresponsive patients when instructed to answer yes to a question by imagining playing tennis?
Meaningful brain responses
What is the remarkable phenomenon observed in very young children who are given hemispherectomy?
Remarkable recovery
What is the primary function of the limbic system?
To associate emotions with memories and experiences
What is the primary difference between the left and right cerebral hemispheres?
The left hemisphere is responsible for language processing, while the right hemisphere is responsible for pattern recognition
What is the function of the thalamus?
To relay sensory information to the cortex
What is the default mode network (DMN) responsible for?
Enabling introspection and self-reflection
Which brain structure is associated with the 'four f's': fighting, feeding, fleeing, and mating?
Hypothalamus
What is the primary goal of the Human Connectome Project?
To create a detailed map of the brain's neural connections
What is the primary function of the basal ganglia?
To coordinate voluntary movement and balance
What is the role of the nucleus accumbens in the brain?
To release dopamine and mediate reward processing
What is the primary function of the corpus callosum?
To connect the two hemispheres of the brain
What is the primary function of the reticular formation?
To play a part in sleep, arousal, and attention
What can be identified using fMRI cortical activation patterns with 97% accuracy?
Participants with autism and controls
What was the result of asking patients with suicidal ideation to think about death-related words?
Significantly more activation in self-related brain regions for death-related words
What was the task given to the 23-year-old woman who showed no outward signs of conscious awareness after a car accident?
To imagine playing tennis
What is the purpose of thinking of scenarios that conjure up different emotions?
To identify fMRI cortical activation patterns for different emotions
What was the result of asking participants to think of social interactions like adore and humiliate?
Significantly less activation in areas associated with self
What is an example of an fMRI task used to study unconscious communication?
Imagining playing tennis versus other tasks
Explore the basic features of the nervous system, including neuroanatomical orientations, cerebral cortex, limbic system, and more. Test your knowledge of the brain's structure and functions.
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