Mapping the Brain: Neuroanatomy

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

What is the main function of the sympathetic nervous system division of the autonomic nervous system?

To control functions that occur during a relaxed state

To stimulate increased heart rate, rise in blood sugar level, and piloerection (correct)

To regulate the body's temperature

To support activities involved with increases in the body's supply of stored energy

What is the term for a slice through the brain parallel to the forehead?

Sagittal or lateral section

Longitudinal section

Transverse or axial section

Coronal or frontal section (correct)

What is the term for the direction toward the middle of the body, away from the side?

Lateral

Ventral

Dorsal

Medial (correct)

What is the phylogenetically newest part of the cortex composed of the four lobes?

Neocortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

To support activities involved with increases in the body's supply of stored energy Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a slice through the brain parallel to the ground?

Transverse or axial section Signup and view all the answers

What is the part of the brain that is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?

Adrenal medulla Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the direction toward the side of the body, away from the middle?

Lateral Signup and view all the answers

What is the part of the brain that is involved in speaking and muscle movements?

Frontal lobe Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the outmost layer of gray matter of the cerebral hemispheres?

Cerebral cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the primary motor cortex?

Controlling voluntary movements Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is responsible for language processing?

Frontal lobe Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of speech in Broca's aphasia?

Meaningful, but halting, labored, and ungrammatical Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the difficulty in producing or comprehending speech caused by brain damage?

Aphasia Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the brain is involved in receiving auditory information?

Temporal lobe Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic of speech in Wernicke's aphasia?

Fluent and grammatical but lacking in meaning Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of behaviorally unresponsive patients showed meaningful brain responses to questions?

13% of 42 patients Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason why cochlear implants are most effective when given before age 2?

To increase the availability of the auditory cortex for hearing Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of constraint-induced therapy?

To rewire the brain by restraining a fully functioning limb Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the brain's capacity for modification, as evident in brain reorganization following damage?

Neuroplasticity Signup and view all the answers

What kind of responses did researchers observe in some unresponsive patients when instructed to answer yes to a question by imagining playing tennis?

Meaningful brain responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the remarkable phenomenon observed in very young children who are given hemispherectomy?

Remarkable recovery Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the limbic system?

To associate emotions with memories and experiences Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the left and right cerebral hemispheres?

The left hemisphere is responsible for language processing, while the right hemisphere is responsible for pattern recognition Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the thalamus?

To relay sensory information to the cortex Signup and view all the answers

What is the default mode network (DMN) responsible for?

Enabling introspection and self-reflection Signup and view all the answers

Which brain structure is associated with the 'four f's': fighting, feeding, fleeing, and mating?

Hypothalamus Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of the Human Connectome Project?

To create a detailed map of the brain's neural connections Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the basal ganglia?

To coordinate voluntary movement and balance Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the nucleus accumbens in the brain?

To release dopamine and mediate reward processing Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the corpus callosum?

To connect the two hemispheres of the brain Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the reticular formation?

To play a part in sleep, arousal, and attention Signup and view all the answers

What can be identified using fMRI cortical activation patterns with 97% accuracy?

Participants with autism and controls Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of asking patients with suicidal ideation to think about death-related words?

Significantly more activation in self-related brain regions for death-related words Signup and view all the answers

What was the task given to the 23-year-old woman who showed no outward signs of conscious awareness after a car accident?

To imagine playing tennis Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of thinking of scenarios that conjure up different emotions?

To identify fMRI cortical activation patterns for different emotions Signup and view all the answers

What was the result of asking participants to think of social interactions like adore and humiliate?

Significantly less activation in areas associated with self Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an fMRI task used to study unconscious communication?

Imagining playing tennis versus other tasks Signup and view all the answers