Mapping Concepts and Types
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What does the Natural Increase Rate (NIR) measure?

  • The percentage of people emigrating from a country
  • The difference between crude birth rate and crude death rate (correct)
  • The total population including migration
  • The total number of immigrants in a country

The Population Growth Rate does not consider migration.

False (B)

What is the primary function of the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?

To analyze and predict trends in population growth and decline.

The doubling time is the number of years in which a population will ______, assuming the growth rate stays the same.

<p>double</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following demographic terms with their definitions:

<p>Natural Increase Rate (NIR) = Measure excluding migration Population Growth Rate = Measure including migration Immigrants = People moving into a country Emigrants = People moving out of a country</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of demographic transition is characterized by a rapid natural increase rate due to improved nutrition and sanitation?

<p>Stage Two (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Stage Five of demographic transition is characterized by population growth due to high total fertility rates.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary reasons for high crude birth rates (CBR) in Stage One of demographic transition?

<p>High infant mortality rate and the need for child labor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Stage Four of demographic transition, life expectancy continues to increase, and the natural increase rate __________.

<p>falls and stabilizes at low growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the countries with their respective demographic transition stage:

<p>Niger = Stage Two Turkey = Stage Three Japan = Stage Five US = Stage Four</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Total Fertility Rate (TFR) associated with replacement level in Stage Five?

<p>2.1 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Thomas Malthus believed that food production would increase exponentially.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one outcome of Malthus' thesis regarding population growth.

<p>Famine or overpopulation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is most commonly associated with migration?

<p>Economic factors (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Women are more likely to migrate longer distances compared to men.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for those who have fled their country due to violence or persecution?

<p>Refugees</p> Signup and view all the answers

The practice of moving livestock seasonally is known as _____ .

<p>Transhumance</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the type of migration with its description:

<p>Chain Migration = Migrants follow others from their town to a destination Internal Migration = Movements occurring within a country Step Migration = Gradual migration through a series of steps Guest Worker = Temporary, seasonal workers in another country</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which language family has the largest number of speakers worldwide?

<p>Indo-European (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes internally displaced persons?

<p>Individuals who remain in their own country but have fled their homes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Economic effects of migration on receiving countries primarily involve an increase in unemployment.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Pidgin refers to a standard language that is commonly spoken worldwide.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a geographic boundary within which a particular linguistic feature occurs?

<p>isogloss</p> Signup and view all the answers

What visa is commonly associated with temporary, seasonal agricultural workers in the US?

<p>H-2A Visa</p> Signup and view all the answers

People who adopt elements of a dominant culture while still retaining aspects of their original culture are experiencing __________.

<p>acculturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

<p>Assimilation = When a minority culture adopts the culture of the majority group Syncretism = The blending of different cultures Dialect = Variation of a standard language Ethnic diffusion = Restricted to relocation diffusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a branch within the Indo-European language family?

<p>Romance (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Universalizing religions tend to have a smaller geographic distribution than ethnic religions.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of a pidgin language?

<p>To allow communication between speakers of different languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is devolution?

<p>The process by which regions gain political power at the expense of the central government (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Gerrymandering only benefits the majority party in an election.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major factor that can lead to the devolution of states?

<p>Physical geography or ethnic separatism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Ethnic cleansing is similar to ________ and involves attempts to eliminate an ethnic group.

<p>genocide</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following concepts with their definitions:

<p>Distance Decay = Increased separation due to distance from central government Irredentism = A majority ethnic group claims territory from a neighboring state Terrorism = Organized violence for political goals Economic Problems = Conflict over funding allocation from the central government</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a challenge to sovereignty?

<p>Devolution (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Advancements in communication technology can negatively affect the sovereignty of states.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Name one economic problem that can lead to devolution.

<p>Uneven development or conflict over funding.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of boundary is defined by physical features such as mountains and water?

<p>Physical Boundaries (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A relic boundary is a boundary that no longer exists but is still significant.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as a boundary drawn to accommodate existing differences among people, such as ethnicity or language?

<p>Consequent Boundary</p> Signup and view all the answers

The boundary dispute type that concerns the distribution of natural resources is called _______.

<p>Allocational</p> Signup and view all the answers

Match the following internal boundaries with their descriptions:

<p>Federal Districts = Boundaries between congressional districts Provinces = Boundaries between states Countries = International borders Census Tracts = Boundaries used for data collection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example illustrates a locational boundary dispute?

<p>Dispute between Chile and Argentina over the Andes mountains. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Packing refers to the dispersal of voters among multiple districts.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the ideal voting district configuration?

<p>Representative District</p> Signup and view all the answers

________ boundaries are drawn by outside powers and tend to ignore existing cultural differences.

<p>Superimposed</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of boundary dispute is concerned with the legal terms set forth?

<p>Definitional (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Natural Increase Rate (NIR)

The rate at which a population is growing or shrinking due to births and deaths, excluding migration.

Population Growth Rate

More accurate than NIR as it considers both births, deaths, and migration.

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

A model used to predict population growth and decline based on birth and death rates.

Periphery Countries

Countries with limited technology, primarily agricultural economies, and lower levels of education and development and typically provide raw materials to other nations..

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Core Countries

Highly developed countries characterized by advanced technology, complex economies, and high levels of education and healthcare.

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Forced Migration

Moving against one's will due to factors like slavery, natural disasters, violence, or persecution.

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Refugee

Someone forced to leave their country due to violence, conflict, or fear of persecution.

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Internally Displaced Person (IDP)

Someone forced from their home within their own country due to issues like natural disasters or conflict.

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Asylum

Protection granted by a country to individuals fleeing persecution in their home country.

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Transhumance

Seasonal movement of livestock between grazing grounds, often to lowlands in winter and highlands in summer.

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Chain Migration

A social process where migrants from a specific place follow others from that same location to a new destination.

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Step Migration

A gradual movement from one location to another, often in stages, like from rural to urban.

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Guest Worker

A temporary worker, often employed in a foreign country for a specific period.

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Language Replacement

When a dominant culture forces its language on a less advanced population.

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Pidgin

A simplified language that mixes elements of two or more languages, enabling communication between speakers of different languages.

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Linguistic Geographers

Experts who study the origins and spread of languages, as well as their distribution and relationships.

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Language Family

The largest group of related languages sharing a common ancient ancestor and origin.

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Indo-European

The largest language family with over 3.2 billion speakers worldwide.

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Dialect

A variation of a standard language with differences in vocabulary, pronunciation, and spelling.

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Isogloss

A boundary that marks the geographical limit of a specific linguistic feature.

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Acculturation

Adopting some elements of a different culture, usually the dominant one.

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Stage One: High Birth Rate

Characterized by high birth rates and high death rates, resulting in slow population growth. This stage is typical of pre-industrial societies with limited access to healthcare and education.

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Stage One: High Death Rate

High death rates are common in Stage One due to factors like famine, inadequate sanitation, disease, and warfare, leading to a short life expectancy.

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Stage Two: Rapid Population Growth

This stage features a continued high birth rate but a declining death rate due to advancements in healthcare, sanitation, and nutrition, leading to rapid population growth.

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Stage Three: Slowing Population Growth

In this stage, birth rates begin to decline as societies become more urbanized and women have more access to education and employment. Death rates continue to decline but at a slower pace.

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Stage Four: Stable Population

This stage is marked by low birth rates and low death rates, resulting in a population that is relatively stable or even decreasing.

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Stage Five: Declining Population

This stage is characterized by birth rates that are lower than death rates, resulting in a shrinking population. This is often seen in highly developed countries with aging populations.

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Malthus's Population Theory

Malthus argued that population growth would outpace food production, leading to famine and misery. He believed that population growth increased exponentially, while food production increased arithmetically.

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Malthus's Assumptions: Incorrect

Malthus's assumptions were based on the Industrial Revolution and were ultimately incorrect. Food production has increased dramatically due to technological advancements, and countries are not closed systems as he assumed.

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Physical Boundary

A natural feature like mountains or water that separates territories.

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Geometric Boundary

A boundary defined by straight lines based on latitude and longitude.

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Subsequent Boundary

A boundary drawn after an area is settled, often reflecting existing cultural landscapes.

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Consequent Boundary

A boundary drawn to accommodate existing differences in ethnicity, language, or religion.

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Superimposed Boundary

A boundary forcefully imposed by an outside power, often disregarding existing cultural differences.

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Relic Boundary

A boundary that no longer exists but still holds historical significance.

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Definitional Boundary Dispute

A disagreement over the legal definition of a boundary.

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Locational Boundary Dispute

A disagreement over the physical location of a boundary.

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Operational Boundary Dispute

A disagreement over how a boundary should function.

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Allocational Boundary Dispute

A disagreement over the distribution of resources across a boundary.

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Gerrymandering Impact

Manipulating electoral boundaries to favor a specific party or group, leading to skewed election results where one side wins disproportionately.

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Extreme Representation

Gerrymandering can create districts where representatives are extremely liberal or conservative, leading to less moderate viewpoints.

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Devolution

A process where regions within a state gain more political power and autonomy at the expense of the central government.

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Physical Geography's Role in Devolution

Regions separated by physical features like mountains or water bodies often seek more autonomy from the central government due to distance and unique characteristics.

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Ethnic Separatism

A group within a state identifies more with their ethnicity than with the nation as a whole, leading to demands for more autonomy.

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Ethnic Cleansing

A state targeting an ethnic group for removal or destruction through expulsion, imprisonment, or mass killings.

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Terrorism's Role in Sovereignty

Violent acts against governments and civilians by non-state actors, aiming to achieve political goals.

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Economic and Social Factors in Devolution

Differences in economic development, productivity, or funding distribution between regions can lead to calls for more autonomy.

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Study Notes

Map Components

  • Titles provide the map's purpose
  • Compass roses show cardinal and intermediate directions
  • Legends/keys explain symbols
  • Scales show the ratio of map units to real units

Reference Maps

  • Focus on location of things like countries, cities, and rivers
  • Often used for daily life (e.g., street maps)

Thematic Maps

  • Highlight spatial patterns of geographic attributes or statistics
  • For example, a thematic map might show population distribution within cities alongside city locations (as shown on a reference map)
  • Choropleth maps use colors or shading to represent value
  • Darker shades show higher values
  • Dot maps use uniform dots to indicate density and distribution (more dots = higher value)
  • Graduated/proportional symbol maps show value with different sized symbols (e.g., circles)
  • Isoline maps connect areas with equal value with lines
  • Cartograms distort land area based on another variable (larger area indicates higher values of a variable)

Types of Density

  • Arithmetic density: number of people per unit of total land area
  • Physiological density: number of people per unit of arable land
  • Agricultural density: number of farmers per unit of arable land

Projections

  • Methods of flattening the round Earth on a map
  • Map projections cause distortion of shape, area, distance, and/or direction
  • Maps are most accurate in the middle

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Related Documents

AP Human Geography Notes PDF

Description

This quiz explores the fundamental components of maps, including titles, compass roses, legends, and scales. Additionally, it distinguishes between reference maps and thematic maps, highlighting various map types like choropleth and dot maps. Test your understanding of these essential mapping concepts.

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