MAPEH Reviewer for 1st Mid-Quarter Exam

Study Notes

The Medieval Period, also known as the Middle Ages, saw vast evolution in music influenced by culture, technology, and artistic expression, primarily linked to Roman Catholic Church rituals.
Singing church liturgy was a crucial profession for monasteries, emphasizing its role in mass and prayer.
Most music during this era was vocal, performed acapella, with a significant negative perception of instruments due to their association with pagan rituals.

Known as plainchant or plainsong, Gregorian chant served as the official sacred music of the Catholic Church for over a millennium.
Influences on Gregorian chant included Byzantine hymns from Turkey, Hebrew chants from Palestine, and antiphonal singing from Syria.
Key characteristics:
- Acapella, monophonic texture
- Limited melodic range, sung in Latin
- Used special neumatic notation, unmetered, with conjunct melodies, and modal scales.

Men occupied authoritative roles within choirs, which were prestigious and in the public sphere, while women were largely confined to domestic roles.
Women's voices were viewed as potentially disruptive or seductive within religious contexts.

Types include syllabic, neumatic, melismatic, and psalmodic variations.
The Requiem refers to a mass commemorating the dead, while the Roman Mass is composed of the Proper (specific texts) and Ordinary (general texts) elements, including Kyrie, Gloria, and Agnus Dei.

Secular music is defined as non-religious music and thrived in France and Germany during the Middle Ages.
Characterized by love songs accompanied by instruments like harps, drums, and bagpipes, with a focus on monophonic texture and triple time.

Poet-musicians in France known as Troubadours or Trouvères were key figures in this secular music tradition.

Prehistoric art began with people learning to draw using natural materials like crayons and doodling simple objects, marking the foundation of artistic expression.
The earliest artworks are cave drawings, dating back approximately 30,000 years, often depicting animals, which served various purposes such as communication, marking territory, education, and ritualistic significance.

Megaliths are significant prehistoric artifacts, with examples found worldwide, including Stonehenge in England, a structure renowned for its size (50 metric tons) and ancient origins.
The Angono Petroglyphs in the Philippines are another notable megalithic structure, created during the Neolithic period, located in Angono.