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Questions and Answers
Who viewed the Tongariro volcanic landscape as sacred?
Chief Te HeuHeu
What was the purpose of Chief Te HeuHeu gifting the land to the crown?
Chief Te HeuHeu consulted with other chiefs before gifting the land.
True
What major natural park resulted from Chief Te HeuHeu's land gift?
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What restrictions are in place regarding developments in the Tongariro region?
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What is the Department of Conservation's mission?
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DOC allows uncontrolled human modification of the environment.
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DOC has identified three _ areas where some human modification is allowed.
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What invasive species control measure did DOC undertake in 1996?
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Which sector has had significant negative impacts on the environment from commercial activity?
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Electricorp constructed a hydroelectric station at _.
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Study Notes
Maori Perspective
- Maori viewed the Tongariro volcanic landscape as sacred per their legends, with gods residing on the mountains
- Only chiefs were permitted to look and climb the mountains
- Te HeuHeu, a chief, recognized the threat of European development to the area and sought preservation for his tribe, Ngati Tuwharetoa
- HeuHeu gifted the land to the crown in 1887, ensuring its natural state for future generations
- The gift resulted in the establishment of Tongariro National Park in 1917
- This park, covering 2640 ha, became New Zealand’s first national park
- Ngati Tuwharetoa collaborates with the Department of Conservation (DOC) on the Tongariro National Park Management Plan, with Iwi approval required for any changes to the region
- Iwi have successfully blocked a mountain biking park and limited ski field development to no higher than 2320 m
DOC Perspective
- DOC's mission is to conserve New Zealand's natural and historical heritage for all to enjoy
- They aim to balance conservation with public use
- They have implemented regulations to maintain and preserve natural features, allowing for minor localized changes like walking tracks
- DOC partnered with Ngati Tuwharetoa to establish the 1980 National Parks Act
- Their efforts focus on preserving natural environments, historic resources, and fostering recreational use while restricting non-recreational commercial use
- They control invasive species like pine and heather through seed removal and biological control with the heather beetle
- They have implemented 1080 poisoning and trapping program to eradicate invasive species over 3300 ha
- They enacted a low-level flight ban on scenic flights and helicopters to ensure a minimal environmental impact
- They limit accommodation size to 25 beds maximum to minimize human impact
- DOC identified priority areas for human modification, including ski fields and a mountain road, but requires careful environmental management and waste control to minimize human impact
Business Operator Perspective
- Ski field operators, accommodation suppliers, and power generation companies prioritize economic gain.
- They utilize the environment for their profit, often impacting it through forestry, farming, and power generation.
- Electricorp impacted fluvial patterns by constructing a hydroelectric station, which involved cutting a tunnel through a hill to divert water and altering the river's course
- The forestry industry, present since the 1920s, has introduced fast-growing species, displacing native vegetation and disrupting the natural nutrient cycle
- Farming practices, initially involving vegetation burning and grazing, have damaged native species, leading to unsustainable practices and soil erosion
- Ski fields have led to forest clearing and replacement with pine, negatively impacting the overall ecosystem.
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Description
Explore the significance of the Tongariro landscape in Maori culture and the efforts by Te HeuHeu to protect it. Discover how these actions led to the establishment of New Zealand's first national park and the ongoing collaboration between Ngati Tuwharetoa and the Department of Conservation.
