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Questions and Answers
What section comes immediately after the main text in a typical research paper?
What section comes immediately after the main text in a typical research paper?
In a research paper, what is the primary purpose of the Results section?
In a research paper, what is the primary purpose of the Results section?
Which section typically offers insights and interpretations of the findings?
Which section typically offers insights and interpretations of the findings?
Which part of a research paper is likely to list the sources cited throughout the document?
Which part of a research paper is likely to list the sources cited throughout the document?
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What follows after the Discussion section in the structure of a typical research paper?
What follows after the Discussion section in the structure of a typical research paper?
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What does the 'I' in the IMRAD format stand for?
What does the 'I' in the IMRAD format stand for?
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Which of the following is NOT typically included in the IMRAD structure?
Which of the following is NOT typically included in the IMRAD structure?
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What primary question does the Methods section answer in the IMRAD format?
What primary question does the Methods section answer in the IMRAD format?
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In scholarly articles, the IMRAD format is primarily used to structure which aspect?
In scholarly articles, the IMRAD format is primarily used to structure which aspect?
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What is the purpose of the Introduction section in the IMRAD format?
What is the purpose of the Introduction section in the IMRAD format?
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Study Notes
Manuscript Preparation for International Journals
- Manuscripts follow the IMRAD format (Introduction, Methods, Results, and Discussion)
- Introduction answers: What did others do? Why did you do the research?
- Methods section explains how the research was conducted
- Results section presents the findings
- Discussion section interprets the results and relates them to other work
- A separate section for Conclusion, Acknowledgements, References, and Supporting Materials follows the main text
- The order of sections can sometimes vary depending on the specific journal's guidelines
Article Structure
- Title, Abstract, and Keywords are the initial sections for easy identification and indexing
- Effective titles should attract attention, be concise, and accurately reflect the main issue
- Keywords are specific labels used by indexing/abstracting services and should use established abbreviations
- Abstract should summarize problem, methods, results, and conclusions in a single, concise paragraph
- The IMRAD section (Introduction, Methods, Results, Discussion) follows
- The manuscript should be clear and easy to understand
- Illustrations and figures/tables should be used efficiently, using them only for ESSENTIAL data
Authorship
- First author typically conducts and supervises data collection, analysis, and interpretation
- Corresponding author may be first author or a senior author
- Avoid ghost authorship (excludes authors who participated) and gift authorship (includes authors who did not contribute)
- Be consistent with author names
Keywords
- Keywords are used for indexing and abstracting services and must be specific
- Avoid general keywords and use only established abbreviations
- Check journal guidelines to ensure proper usage
Abstract
- Summarizes the problem, methods, results, and conclusions in a single paragraph
- Must be interesting and understandable, ideally concise
- Should highlight the work and influence whether or not it is considered
Introduction
- Provides context for the manuscript and convinces readers why the research is significant for the field
- Clearly identifies the problem, solutions, and limitations of the research
- The perspective should match the journal where submitted, a unique introduction is required for every submission
Methods
- Describes the research process in detail. A skilled reader should be able to replicate your experiments
- Avoid re-writing previously published procedures - instead, cite them in the References
- Detail equipment, materials, and their sources. Any variability in quality should be evident in the methods section
- All experiments on humans or animals must adhere to ethical standards, like the Helsinki Declaration and/or relevant guidelines, the approval of the local ethics committee is essential and should be specified in the manuscript/ covering letter/ submission system
Results
- Present only the most important results relevant for the discussion
- Results of similar type should be grouped in subheadings
- Statistical analysis should highlight significant findings
- Unexpected results should be discussed
- Illustrations/figures should clarify/aid understanding
Discussion
- This is the most critical part, which interprets the results and their significance in the context of the field.
- The interpretation of the results is essential, not just repeating them from the Results section
- Provide a comparative discussion of your results with the established literature
- Avoid statements that go beyond the data in the experiment
- Clarify and define all terms used
Conclusion
- Concisely explains how the work advances the field
- Justify the significance of the work
Acknowledgements
- Include thanks to advisors, financial supporters, proofreaders, and suppliers of materials
References
- Use only necessary and relevant references, avoiding excessive self-citations or references from a particular region/institution
- Adhere strictly to the style guide for references, ensuring proper format
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Description
This quiz explores the essential components and structure of manuscript preparation for submission to international journals. It covers the IMRAD format, effective title crafting, and the importance of abstracts and keywords. Additionally, it addresses the variations in section order according to different journal guidelines.
