Manuscript Painting Tradition and Western Indian Art
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Questions and Answers

What does Trishala dream of before giving birth?

  • A great flood
  • A warrior king
  • Animals and celestial bodies (correct)
  • A beautiful garden

    • The Uttaradhyana Sutra includes magical adventures of Acharya Kalaka.

    False

    Name two texts that are popularly painted in Jain literature.

    Kalakacharyakatha and Sangrahini Sutra

    Acharya Kalaka is on a mission to rescue his ______ from an evil king.

    <p>sister</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following texts with their descriptions:

    <p>Kalakacharyakatha = Narrates the adventures of Acharya Kalaka Uttaradhyana Sutra = Contains teachings of Mahavir Sangrahini Sutra = Discusses cosmology and universe structure Kalpasutra = Describes Trishala's dreams</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the astrologer predict about Trishala's son?

    <p>He will become a sovereign king or a great saint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Kalpasutra is a text composed in the twelfth century.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were Jains known to do with their texts?

    <p>They got them written in numerous copies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is typically found on the colophon page of a painting set?

    <p>Names of the patron, artist, or scribe</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Colophon pages are often preserved and easily accessible for scholars.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What prevents paintings from being preserved for long periods?

    <p>Mishandling, fire, humidity, and other calamities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Paintings were often given to ______ as part of their dowries when they got married.

    <p>princesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following painting sets with their associated texts:

    <p>Ramayana = Epic poem narrating the life of Lord Rama Bhagavata Purana = A text focusing on the life and exploits of Lord Krishna Mahabharata = Epic narrative of the Kurukshetra War Gita Govinda = A text celebrating the love between Radha and Krishna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common way paintings were stored in the library of a king or patron?

    <p>Wrapped in cloth and bundled</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Paintings are deemed as less valuable artifacts compared to sculptures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What year was the Sravakapratikramasutra-curni of Vijayasimha written?

    <p>1260</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What community primarily represented the merchant class that became significant patrons of Jain themes?

    <p>Jain community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The concept of shaastradaan involved donations of illustrated paintings to community temples.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the text that is widely illustrated in Jain tradition and provides a biographical narrative of Tirthankaras?

    <p>Kalpasutra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The act of donating illustrated paintings to the monastery's libraries is seen as a gesture of __________.

    <p>charity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following incidents from the lives of Tirthankaras with their descriptions:

    <p>Conception = The moment a Tirthankara is conceived in their mother's womb Birth = The point at which the Tirthankara enters the world Renunciation = When the Tirthankara abandons worldly life Enlightenment = The moment of ultimate knowledge and realization First Sermon = The initial teachings shared after becoming enlightened Salvation = The liberation of the Tirthankara's soul from the cycle of rebirth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which painting school depicts themes primarily related to Jainism?

    <p>Jain School of Painting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What material was primarily used for ancient Jain manuscripts?

    <p>Palm leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trishala's dreams are part of the illustrations found in the Kalpasutra.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jain paintings focused on realistic portrayals of human figures.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What device was used to etch writing onto palm leaves?

    <p>A sharp calligraphic device</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five key incidents elaborated in the Kalpasutra related to the lives of Tirthankaras?

    <p>Conception, Birth, Renunciation, Enlightenment, First Sermon, Salvation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Jain paintings commonly depicted incidents from the lives of _____ acharyas.

    <p>Jain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What element revealed the political presence of Sultans in Jain paintings?

    <p>Architectural elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The paintings on palm leaves were typically monochromatic.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant feature of Jain paintings in terms of composition?

    <p>Division of space into sections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What time period is considered the most creative phase for Jain paintings?

    <p>1350-1450</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The main subject of Jain paintings remained static without any changes in style or representation.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name two elements that indicate the wealth and social status of patrons in Jain paintings.

    <p>Gold and lapis lazuli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The paintings included non-canonical stories known as ___ for the Jain community.

    <p>Tirthipatas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following elements of Jain art to their descriptions:

    <p>Gold = Indicates wealth and social status Jain community = Patrons of secular and religious art Mandalas = Forms of illustrations depicting meditation Secular themes = Illustrations created by feudal lords and wealthy citizens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cultural lifestyle elements can be observed through textile canopies and wall hangings?

    <p>Indigenous features</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The late 15th and 16th centuries saw a decline in the interest for paintings among wealthy citizens.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A prominent theme in Jain paintings includes figures in dance poses and ___ playing instruments.

    <p>musicians</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary focus of the book mentioned?

    <p>Cooking and preparation methods</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Pala School of Painting is known for its paintings from the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of art was prominent during the Pala period?

    <p>Buddhist art</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The illustrated manuscripts of the Palas feature themes related to __________.

    <p>Buddhism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following was a major center for Buddhist learning during the Pala period?

    <p>Nalanda</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following artworks or concepts with their descriptions:

    <p>Nimatnama = A book of recipes and preparation methods Laurchanda paintings = Examples of stories with Sufi undertones Vajrayan Buddhism = Features in Pala illustrated manuscripts Palm leaf manuscripts = Medium used for depicted Buddhist themes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Pala School of Painting had influence on South East Asia.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name a material used for illustrating manuscripts during the Pala period.

    <p>Palm leaves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Manuscript Painting Tradition

    • The Vishnudharmottara Purana, a 5th-century text, contains a chapter called Chitrasutra, considered a source book of Indian art, including painting techniques.
    • It details image-making techniques, tools, materials, and three-dimensional representation of figures.
    • Canons of painting, called pratima lakshana, are discussed, along with aspects like anatomical proportions, expressions, and aesthetic composition.
    • Miniature paintings are characterized by their smaller size and hand-held viewing.
    • Mural paintings adorned walls of patrons' homes.
    • Manuscript illustrations are pictorial translations of poetic verses, epics, and other literary works.
    • These illustrations are often in thematic sets, with one folio per poem.

    Western Indian School of Painting

    • The Western Indian School flourished in western India, centered in Gujarat, with other centers in Rajasthan and Central India.
    • Trade routes and merchants significantly influenced art patronage.
    • Jain themes were highly prevalent in Western Indian School of Painting.
    • Shaastradaan (donating illustrated paintings to libraries) was common and was a socially significant act.
    • The Kalpasutra, a Jain text, was frequently illustrated.
    • Events in the lives of the 24 Tirthankaras (religious teachers) were depicted.
    • Paintings often showed rich colors and lavish depiction .

    Manuscript Painting Techniques

    • Paintings were done on palm leaves before paper became common.
    • Palm leaves were treated to facilitate writing and painting
    • Small size of palm leaves constrained artistic layout.
    • Images included gods, goddesses, and stories from religious texts.
    • Illustrations were often placed opposite written texts.

    Other Important Aspects of the Text

    • Manuscript paintings often carry colophons with details of patrons, artists, dates, and commission.
    • Paintings were vulnerable to damage from time, fire, humidity, and mishandling.
    • Manuscripts were often part of larger sets related to historical, religious, and literary works.
    • The texts describe the history of painting chronologically.
    • The text describes a hybrid style combining Persian and indigenous elements seen in some regions of India.
    • Manuscripts were preserved in bundles in royal libraries.
    • Several texts, including Kalakacharyakatha and Sangrahini Sutra, were frequently depicted.
    • The illustration of the themes frequently depicts Hindu and Jain themes.
    • Images like Kalaka and his sister, were typical of this style

    Pala School of Painting

    • Distinct styles evolved during the Pala period, evident in the depiction of fabrics, architecture, and other elements.
    • Painting styles from the Pala period became common in places like Nepal, Tibet, Burma, Sri Lanka, and Java.
    • A style using flowing and sinuous lines distinguished their paintings.
    • The decline coincided with Muslim invasion and destruction of monasteries in the 13th century.

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    Manuscript Painting Tradition PDF

    Description

    Explore the rich tradition of manuscript painting as detailed in the Vishnudharmottara Purana, including techniques and aesthetic principles. Learn about the flourishing Western Indian School of Painting and its influences from trade routes. This quiz covers various aspects of Indian art, from miniature to mural paintings.

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