Manufacturing and the Sharing Economy Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What are some new roles manufacturers are playing in value chains?

  • Channel intermediaries and field service firms
  • Direct sales and production
  • Local production ecosystems and digitization
  • All of the above (correct)
  • Which of the following is NOT a factor contributing to the high cost of labor?

  • Zero km / short supply chains
  • Local production ecosystems
  • Digitization (correct)
  • The relationship with social enterprises
  • What are some key competencies producers need to develop in a changing manufacturing landscape?

  • Cost control and attention to detail
  • Effective customer relationship management and predictive maintenance (correct)
  • Brokering and verification of product quality
  • Technological leadership and expertise in identifying suitable intervention contexts
  • What are some key competencies field service providers need to develop in a changing manufacturing landscape?

    <p>Technological leadership and expertise in identifying suitable intervention contexts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does a channel intermediary play in the new manufacturing landscape?

    <p>Connecting large communities of buyers and sellers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central idea behind "the sharing economy" as defined by Schlagwein et al. (2020)?

    <p>The exchange of non-owned goods or services through information technology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What were the two platforms that launched in San Francisco in 2008, marking the origin of the sharing economy?

    <p>Uber and Airbnb (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor in the definition of the sharing economy?

    <p>The shift from ownership to access (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main criticisms of the sharing economy, according to the text?

    <p>Profit-seeking companies and unfair competition. (B), Lack of community building and job insecurity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of the sharing economy for users?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do users build trust in the sharing economy?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key feature of the sharing economy model?

    <p>All of the above. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about the sharing economy?

    <p>It is focused solely on community building. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key advantage of "Pay for use" in the Product-as-a-Service model?

    <p>Customers pay based on usage metrics. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key advantage of "Leasing" in the Product-as-a-Service model?

    <p>Customers have exclusive access rights. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between "Leasing" and "Short-term rental" in the Product-as-a-Service model?

    <p>Leasing provides access for a short period of time, less than 30 days. (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a benefit of a Performance-based contract?

    <p>Guaranteed unlimited access to a service (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of a rental configuration compared to a lease?

    <p>Greater flexibility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the example provided, what is an example of a performance-based contract outcome?

    <p>A clean and snow-free street (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential opportunity outlined for PaaS in consumer markets?

    <p>Meeting the needs of environmentally conscious consumers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main benefit of Philips Lighting Service as presented in the text?

    <p>Allowing customers to purchase lighting without owning the system (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a critical issue associated with extending the life of a product?

    <p>Increasing natural resource reduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which activity is focused on providing replacement parts for products that wear out quickly?

    <p>Refill (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of a product designed for repair?

    <p>It enables customers to extend the life of the product by replacing broken parts. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what type of market does extending product life become particularly crucial?

    <p>Markets characterized by saturated demand and replacement needs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of how internet connectivity can enable product upgrades?

    <p>Downloading new features or software updates (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of a Product Life-Extension business model?

    <p>Generating revenue through the longevity and durability of products. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a main activity associated with the Product Life-Extension business model?

    <p>Market Research (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'freemium' model is an example of a Product Life-Extension strategy because it:

    <p>Generates revenue through ongoing updates and additional services. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary customer segment targeted by the 'Refurbish' activity?

    <p>Customers who are price-sensitive and looking for 'like-new' products. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following activities involves the collection and resale of used goods?

    <p>ReCommerce (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the 'Build to Last' activity and alternative revenue models?

    <p>Alternative revenue models can be implemented for products built to last, maximizing their lifespan and generating revenue from their continued use. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key advantage of the 'Refurbish' activity?

    <p>It reduces the need for new resources and manufacturing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is the 'ReCommerce' activity becoming increasingly important for primary manufacturers and retailers?

    <p>It provides them with access to a growing secondary market and expands their product offerings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Channel Intermediaries

    Entities that connect manufacturers with final consumers, facilitating product distribution.

    Field Service Firms

    Specialized businesses that provide maintenance and direct services related to manufactured products.

    Social Enterprises

    Organizations that use business strategies to improve social and environmental conditions.

    Short Supply Chains

    Production and distribution systems that minimize distance between producer and consumer.

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    Customer Relationship Management

    Strategies and techniques to manage interactions with customers to enhance satisfaction and loyalty.

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    Predictive Maintenance

    Using data analysis to predict when equipment will fail, to perform maintenance before issues arise.

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    Sharing Economy

    An economic model based on sharing underutilized resources, often facilitated by technology.

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    Uber and Airbnb

    Pioneering examples of the sharing economy that started in 2008, focusing on ride-sharing and home accommodation.

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    Product Life Cycle

    The stages a product goes through from development to decline.

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    Life-Extension Business Model

    A model focusing on increasing product lifespan to generate revenue.

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    Freemium Model

    A business strategy offering basic services for free and charging for premium features.

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    Build to Last

    Creating durable and high-quality products designed for long-term use.

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    Refurbish

    Restoring used products to a 'like-new' condition for resale.

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    ReCommerce

    The process of collecting and reselling used goods.

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    Upgrade

    Improving a product by adding new features or technology.

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    Repair

    Fixing products to extend their lifespan and usability.

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    Refill

    Replacing a worn-out function instead of the entire product, often seen in refillable packaging.

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    Saturated Markets

    Markets where demand is high, but consumers are less likely to buy new products.

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    Sharing Business Model

    A consumer-centered approach where users act as both providers and consumers, fostering resource sharing.

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    Resource Sharing

    The practice of sharing access to goods or services to minimize ownership, reducing demand for new products.

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    Advantages for Users

    Benefits consumers gain such as convenience, lower prices, and tailored quality experiences through sharing services.

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    Trust in Sharing Economy

    The reliance on mutual trust among users, facilitated by social media, reviews, and sometimes insurance, to ensure safety in transactions.

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    Key Challenges

    Criticisms of sharing economy include profit motivations over community, insecure income for workers, and unfair competition.

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    Pay for Use (PaaS)

    A payment model where customers pay only for the amount they use a product or service, such as miles driven or hours used.

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    Leasing

    A contractual arrangement where customers have exclusive access to a product for a longer period, typically beyond 30 days.

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    Product-as-a-Service (PaaS)

    Focusing on delivering the output or service rather than the physical product, often with usage-based payments.

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    Rental Configuration

    A flexible agreement allowing service purchase without ownership.

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    Performance-based Contract

    An agreement where companies commit to specific outcomes, like 'clean streets'.

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    Philips Lighting Service

    A service model allowing users to pay for the lighting they use instead of owning it.

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    Opportunities for PaaS

    Expansion possibilities in markets and access-focused consumers.

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    Challenges for PaaS

    Issues faced with new customer profiles demanding access over ownership.

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    Study Notes

    Product Life Cycle Extension

    • Resell: A business model where products are resold after their original owner is finished with them. This can involve the original company or a redistribution platform.
    • Repair/Upgrade/Refill: A model where companies design products to last, offering upgrades, repairs, or refills for existing products. Money is exchanged based on the work performed.

    Product Life-Extension Refurbish & Remanufacture

    • Owner Disposes: The owner discards a product.
    • Resell ("Good as New"): Products are resold in an almost-new condition, with a value equal to a new product or slightly less.
    • Renewed Product: Similar to "Good as New" but slightly more detailed with components that have been replaced for optimal functionality.
    • Recovery Channel: The process of reclaiming usable components from discarded products.
    • Disassembled Product: The breaking down of products into their component parts.

    Product Life-Extension Business Model

    • Longevity over Volume: The model prioritizes extending the useful lifespan of products through more frequent use in the consumer market.
    • Durability/Quality Focus: Products are emphasized for durability, quality, and functionality, to make them attractive to consumers looking for long-term use or repeat services and repairs.
    • Intensive Product Use: More intensive use of a product is beneficial for the company providing it.

    Different Revenue Models

    • Freemium Model: A business model where the core product or service is offered for free, while premium features or content are sold. Digital products, such as Dropbox, LinkedIn, NYT, and Spotify use this model.
    • Examples Dropsbox -cloud storage service, 2 GB storage free. Upgrading to 100GB is $9.99.

    Six Main Activities

    • Build to Last: Creating high-quality and durable products, charging a premium price.
    • Refurbish: Restoring used products to "like-new" condition, targeting price-sensitive customers. Components can be remade.
    • ReCommerce: Collecting used goods for resale or exchange.
    • Upgrade: Adding features or functionality instead of replacing the product entirely.
    • Refill: Replacing a part or function, targeting customers needing more functionality than the physical product
    • Repair: Repairing broken products, appealing to customers who have limited interest in replacing products.

    Critical Issues and Opportunities for Product Life-Extension

    • Incentive Required Extending the life of a product needs an incentive for consumers, especially for replacement or repairs.
    • Designing for Repair: Companies need to design products that encourage ease of repair.
    • Service Network: Strong service networks are required for repair and maintenance to support customer retention.
    • Customer Relationships: Building strong relationships with customers to encourage repeat business and loyalty are important factors in the effectiveness of product life extension.
    • Home Appliances: These products have saturated markets and the design for repair and replacement is important.
    • Energy Efficiency: Upgrading to environmentally friendly products should generate new revenue.
    • Interchangeable Products: Design for modularity and easily interchangeable parts is a benefit (product-as-a-service).

    New Roles and Key Factors

    • Channel Intermediaries: Companies acting as intermediaries between manufacturers and consumers in the supply chain.
    • Specialized Service Firms: Companies focusing on repairs and maintenance of products, acting as an important value chain element.
    • Social Enterprises: Partnerships with social enterprises and local producers who are sensitive to zero km and short supply chains, along with digitization, are essential elements in the process.

    New Competencies

    • Investment and efficient customer relationships: Producers need better customer relations.
    • Direct Sales: The transition from manufacturing to direct sales, is more efficient.
    • Predictive Maintenance: Identifying potential issues before they arise through advanced analytics.
    • Repair Partner Networks: Building strong networks of repair partners for product support reduces maintenance and repair costs.
    • Channel Intermediaries: These intermediaries handle connecting buyers and sellers and verify products for quality control to maximize value while focusing on cost control.

    Sharing (Collaborative) Economy

    • Origin: The co-ride platform Uber and accommodation platform Airbnb launched in San Francisco in 2008.
    • Definition: A socio-economic system of information-technological interconnected exchanges, where ownership of goods and services is not transferred but utilization or access remains a source of business and revenue.

    Increasing Market

    • Growth: The market for sharing economies is increasing, with projected values in billions for 2021-2031
    • Data sources: Charts and figures show this growth in value globally.

    Product as a Service (PaaS)

    • Focus: Providing products on a pay-per-use basis for services, like maintenance rentals, and repairs, etc.

    Different PaaS Options

    • Pay for use: Consumers pay based on usage.
    • Leasing: Consumers pay for long-term use of devices with agreements. Limited usage.
    • Rental: Consumers pay for short-term use. Includes flexible arrangements.
    • Performance-based contract: Providing service and quality levels.

    Scale-up the Service

    • Niche Industries: Expand from a few industries like car rentals and construction to wider markets
    • Consumer Markets: Identify and expand into profitable markets appealing to consumers
    • New Customer Profiles: Targeting different consumer segments like those who seek more economical purchases and/or environmentally friendly products.
    • New Business Models: Consider new commercial models and how to scale up for success.

    Opportunities and Challenges for PaaS

    • Company Focus: Identify the products/services offered by the company to apply PaaS.
    • Opportunity List: Identify opportunities in the PaaS market for the product.
    • Challenge List: Identify challenges in the PaaS market and explore solutions

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on the evolving roles of manufacturers and the dynamics of the sharing economy. Explore key competencies needed in today's manufacturing landscape and understand the impact of intermediary channels. This quiz will also cover the criticisms and advantages associated with the sharing economy.

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