Mann-Whitney Test and Confidence Intervals in Redback Spiders Experiment

As cells that lead to eggs and sperm get older, we’d expect them to accumulate more ______, which are passed on to daughter cells.

The idea that DNA damage and poor repair are the main source of de novo mutations does not help us understand why we observe ______ bias in the first place.

The research team was led by Felix Wu, a graduate student at Columbia University in New York City, and Molly Przeworski, a ______ there.

Molly was utterly uninterested in ______ or science in school.

The initial stages of oogenesis (egg production) occur during fetal development before ______.

Biologists like Felix, Molly, and their colleagues will have even more data to home in on the processes that lead to mutations, tracing genetic variation back to its original ______.

The Mann-Whitney test looks at whether two samples are likely to come from sources with the same ______

The p value of this test indicates the probability that the two samples come from sources with the same ______

There is a very slight trend towards more eggs and heavier egg sacs resulting from cannibalistic matings, but this difference is not ______

This contradicts hypothesis 1. Hypothesis 2 – Did eating a mate decrease the odds that a female would mate again with a different ______?

Apparently, skipping breakfast leaves female redbacks interested in a ______

Hypothesis 3 – Does self-sacrifice pay off with ______?

So if brown beetles consistently leave more offspring than green beetles because of their color, you’d say that the brown beetles had a higher ______.

In evolution, fitness is about success at surviving and reproducing, not about exercise and ______.

A genotype’s fitness depends on the environment in which the organism ______.

The fittest genotype during an ice age is probably not the fittest genotype once the ice age ______.

Fitness is a handy concept because it lumps everything that matters to natural selection (survival, mate-finding, reproduction) into one ______.

The fittest individual is not necessarily the strongest, fastest, or ______.

Females choose which males to ______ with

Some females can eject ______ from an undesirable mate

Artificial selection is when people select which organisms get to ______

Farmers have cultivated many crops from wild mustard by artificially selecting for certain ______

Humans further selected subsets of dogs, creating Great Danes, Chihuahuas, and the full ______ of more than 450 breeds

Domestic dogs evolved from ancient, now-extinct wolf ancestors tens of thousands of years ______

Elaine Ostrander and her team study dogs to answer basic questions about genetics with implications for human health. Who is also an author on the study but not pictured?

In one study, Elaine Ostrander and her team focused on sport hunting dogs, a group that includes spaniels, retrievers, and __________.

Elaine Ostrander's team identified 59 genes that seemed to have been the targets of recent selection in sport hunting dogs. Who was part of the team?

The focus during the development of different dog breeds was on traits like swimming skills and rat-catching ability. Which dogs were bred for pulling fishing nets?

One of the traits focused on during the development of dog breeds was clearing out pests. This led to the creation of the __________ breed.

Scientists in recent decades have been able to track down some of the genes selected for in different dog breeds. Who is a biologist at the National Institutes of Health known for this work?