Manipulation of Growth and Body Composition: Overview of Growth Hormones

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How do anabolic steroids influence muscle growth?

Promote fat accumulation

Increase muscle protein synthesis (correct)

Have no effect on muscle growth

Decrease lean muscle mass

What is the main impact of testosterone on bone health?

Have no effect on bone health

Promote osteoporosis

Contribute to the development and maintenance of bone density (correct)

Decrease bone density

What determines the growth potential of an animal's muscle?

Presence of satellite cells

Amount of myoblasts

Thickness of connective tissue

Number of muscle fibers (correct)

Which depot of adipose tissue differs in its secretory properties?

Omental Signup and view all the answers

During which stage of development do myofibers increase in cross-sectional area through hypertrophy?

Postnatal Growth Signup and view all the answers

What effect do sex hormones have on body fat distribution?

Influence gender-specific patterns of body fat distribution Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of satellite cells in muscle growth?

Provide nuclei necessary for fiber growth Signup and view all the answers

Analogues are variations of which substances?

Anabolic steroids Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue is associated with expressing genes like uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1) and thermogenesis?

Brown Adipose Tissue (BAT) Signup and view all the answers

How do anabolic steroids affect fat distribution?

Reduce fat mass Signup and view all the answers

What happens to satellite cells in older animals that leads to a plateau in muscle growth?

Decrease in number and become dormant Signup and view all the answers

Which type of muscles primarily contain type II fibers?

Fast-twitch muscles Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of growth hormones in stimulating growth and development?

Promoting the production of other proteins that form tissues and organs Signup and view all the answers

How does growth occur in terms of cell changes?

Through hyperplasia, which is an increase in cell number Signup and view all the answers

What effect does increased lipid deposition have on growth?

Increases body weight and size Signup and view all the answers

Why is the specific arrangement of amino acids in growth hormones important?

To allow them to bind to receptors on target cells for biological activities Signup and view all the answers

Which components are involved in the Hypothalamus-Pituitary Axis?

Hypothalamus, pituitary gland, target organs Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of growth hormones in the body?

Pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of leptin in growth and satiety signaling?

Suppressing appetite Signup and view all the answers

What stimulates the release of cholecystokinin (CCK) during digestion?

Presence of fats and proteins Signup and view all the answers

How does cholecystokinin (CCK) influence food intake?

Suppresses appetite Signup and view all the answers

What impact does chromium have on insulin sensitivity?

Increases insulin sensitivity Signup and view all the answers

How does chromium contribute to growth?

Regulates glucose metabolism affecting growth Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is responsible for stimulating the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones?

Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Ghrelin in the body?

Stimulating appetite Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is primarily produced in the stomach and signals the brain when it's time to eat?

Ghrelin Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is involved in stimulating growth, particularly in bones and muscles?

Growth Hormone (GH) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of Thyroid Hormones (T3 and T4) in the body?

Regulating metabolic rate Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) released by the hypothalamus?

Regulating gonads (ovaries and testes) Signup and view all the answers