Manifest Destiny and Native American Displacement

Manifest destiny justified the belief that only white Americans could effectively utilize the land, leading to the harassment and dispossession of Native Americans.

The presence of armed Black men in Florida heightened conflicts and pressured the U.S. government, ultimately leading to General Jackson's invasion and the First Seminole War.

The Adams-Onís Treaty resulted in Spain selling Florida to the United States for $5 million, formalizing U.S. control over the territory.

<p>The Second Seminole War temporarily halted the influx of settlers into Florida due to ongoing conflicts with the Seminole people and their allies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jackson justified the Indian Removal Act by claiming it would protect Native Americans and allow them to become 'civilized' in the West, leading to the displacement of many Indigenous peoples.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Cherokee sought legal recourse by appealing to the Supreme Court to uphold their treaties, but their efforts were largely ignored, leading to brutal removal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>American expansion led to reduced opportunities for enslaved individuals seeking freedom as their lands were seized and they faced increased violence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Seminole resistance was marked by armed conflict, collaboration with free Black individuals, and successful revolts against encroaching settlers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The challenges and persecutions faced by the early LDS community contributed to the practice of polygamy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Urbanization, industrialization, and class struggle prompted idea exchange among reformers on both sides of the Atlantic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Citizens faced the challenge of cultivating a moral society without the structure of religious guidance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John Smith was the founder of the LDS movement and had 40 wives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jeremiads were used to warn against societal sins and moral weakness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Second Great Awakening inspired the benevolent empire movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fear and hostility from Protestant communities forced the LDS community to relocate several times, from New York to Utah.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitated communication and dissemination of ideas among reformers, enhancing collaboration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It transformed the United States' religious landscape by promoting evangelicalism and leading to the growth of the Methodist denomination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They traveled on organized schedules to evangelize new territories, maximizing audience reach and efficiency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The shift emphasized human action in salvation and promoted spiritual egalitarianism, moving away from the predestination doctrine of Calvinism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>His visions led him to believe he was tasked with re-establishing a true Christian church, ultimately founding Mormonism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They created a sense of moral crisis, prompting a search for spiritual renewal and community through evangelical movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Their primary purpose was to preach moral renewal and convert individuals to Christianity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By 1850, Methodism became the most popular American denomination, representing a widespread quest for community and belonging in a changing society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The criticism represented a shift towards a more inclusive view of salvation, countering the pessimistic Calvinist perspective.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The availability of cheap land resulting from the forced removal of Native Americans greatly contributed to the increase in cotton production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Indian Removal Act led to the auctioning of land in the South, which was then transformed into cotton plantations due to the surge in demand for cotton.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enslaved people created kinship networks and participated in religious congregations, helping to sustain their cultural traditions within their communities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The hybrid strains, like Petit Gulf, allowed farmers to produce more cotton in smaller spaces, optimizing production and easing processing with the Cotton Gin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By 1860, nearly 4 million enslaved people comprised about 45% of the South's population, profoundly driving the cotton economy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The transition to cotton increased its share to 55% of America's export market, significantly enhancing the Southern economy's reliance on cotton production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ports that once focused on importing enslaved laborers shifted to facilitating regular shipping lines to major international cities, enhancing trade.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cotton's rise to become the world's largest produced crop established the American South as a crucial player in the global textile market.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Turner believed he was a prophet guided by spirits, which motivated him to lead a violent uprising against slavery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rebellion led to increased anti-literacy laws and the destruction of Black-led churches, restricting their religious autonomy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The rebellion sparked a violent response from whites, leading to heightened tensions and stricter laws targeting enslaved individuals and free Blacks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The uprising grew to over fifty participants, indicating a collective desire for freedom among enslaved individuals despite the risks.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Turner's actions resulted in the deaths of fifty-seven white men, women, and children, provoking widespread fear among the white populace.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He feared they would challenge the government and undermine laws.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It reduced the need for labor on farms, leading to layoffs of low-skilled workers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It established NYC as the largest and most economically important city in the U.S.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It allowed for rapid transmission of news across long distances, changing information dissemination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many patents for new agricultural technologies were filed, leading to market-oriented farming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They facilitated the movement of goods and people, leading to rapid urbanization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>He invented the telegraph and Morse Code, allowing for efficient communication over distances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It transformed lives by creating new economic opportunities and altering labor patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The main factors included increased production for sale, demand from war-torn Europe, and advancements in transportation such as canals and steamboats.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It detached wealth from physical land, leading to speculation, counterfeit bills, and increased anxiety about economic stability.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Transportation Revolution, with infrastructure improvements like canals and railroads, greatly accelerated the movement of goods and connected distant markets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Erie Canal, completed in 1825, linked the Great Lakes to the Atlantic, broadening the market for Midwestern goods and promoting urban growth in cities like Rochester and Chicago.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fulton's steamboat service provided a reliable transportation method along rivers, significantly speeding up the transport of goods and people.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Corporations allowed for larger networks of owners, reduced personal financial risk, and promoted the pursuit of profit through organized management structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>This shift led to issues such as class conflict, child labor, and the expansion of slavery as the economy became more market-oriented.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Policymakers often enacted regulations to stabilize the economy and prevent the extreme fluctuations caused by speculative investments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The tariff caused Southerners to face higher prices for goods from the North, leading to economic distress.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Choctaw faced a journey without food, water, or supplies, with thousands dying along the way, highlighting the harsh realities of forced removal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Treaty resulted in the forceful removal of the Cherokee, leading to the death of over 5,000 individuals, despite significant dissent among some Cherokee leaders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Epidemics of whooping cough, typhus, dysentery, and cholera significantly impacted the Native American population, resulting in thousands of deaths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Ethnic cleansing' refers to the mass expulsion or killing of an unwanted ethnic group, directly relating to the forced removal of Native American tribes from their lands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Andrew Jackson was nicknamed 'Old Hickory' due to his tough personality and leadership style.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jackson felt betrayed after losing the election despite winning the popular vote, leading to a split in the Democratic-Republican Party.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jackson's attacks on Spanish Florida helped secure the territory for the U.S., leading to the Adams-Onís Treaty of 1819.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Some saw Jackson as a champion of democracy, while others viewed him as an arrogant executive undermining governance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The 'Tariff of Abominations' raised prices on European goods, benefiting Northern industries at the expense of the Southern economy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>John Quincy Adams won the House vote, leading Jackson to view it as a betrayal, influencing his political strategy thereafter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Jackson led a diverse coalition of backwoods militiamen, freed black men, Native Americans, and pirates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Democratic Party, led by Jackson, rallied against the perceived elitism of Adams and his supporters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>South Carolina voted to dissolve its union with the United States, becoming the first state to secede.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Crittenden’s Compromise aimed to guarantee the continuation of slavery in existing slave states.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lincoln declared secession to be 'legally void' and expressed his intention to use force to maintain federal property.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Union adopted the 'Anaconda Plan' to strangle the Confederacy through a naval blockade and ground troop invasions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The attack on Fort Sumter by Confederate forces marked the official beginning of the war.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many enslaved Black southerners sided with the Union and ran away to join the Union army.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Major Robert Anderson was the commanding officer who refused to evacuate Fort Sumter when called upon by South Carolina.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lincoln initially waged a conservative, limited war, focusing on preserving the Union.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Butler reasoned that he had the right to seize freedom-seeking escapees like any other military resource, such as enemy horses or cannons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The First Confiscation Act legitimized Butler's policy, allowing African American troops to be recognized as valuable resources in the Union war effort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Battle of Gettysburg, which occurred from July 1-3, 1863, resulted in 51,000 casualties and marked a turning point, forcing Lee's army to retreat to the South.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Both women engaged in espionage, gathering intelligence for their respective sides, with Greenhow working for the Confederacy and Van Lew for the Union.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lincoln's Gettysburg Address reaffirmed America's identity and purpose, emphasizing the principles of equality and the sacrifices made for the Union.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women disguised themselves to fight for the cause or to accompany their husbands while fulfilling roles like cooks and laundresses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Union victory at Vicksburg effectively cut the Confederacy in half, gaining control of the Mississippi River.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Hooker’s Girls' were women who socialized with soldiers to boost morale, with some providing personal services while following their soldier husbands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Women risked arrest and social ostracism while trying to gather intelligence in a male-dominated environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lincoln's plan allowed Southern states to form governments after 10% of voters took an oath of allegiance to the Union.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery, yet its clause allowed for forced labor as punishment, leading to exploitative practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Many women disguised themselves as men to fight in battles and support their causes, challenging gender norms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>'Hooker's Girls' provided companionship and entertainment, which helped to boost morale among Union troops.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship and sought to protect the rights of freed African Americans, shaping their place in society.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Van Lew not only spied for the Union but also served as a nurse for Union prisoners, showcasing her dedication to their welfare.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Emancipation Proclamation freed enslaved individuals in rebellious areas but had limited immediate impact on slavery overall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Black Codes criminalized leisure activities, restricted mobility, and limited rights such as serving on juries or giving testimony against white individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Southern states had to void their ordinances of secession, repudiate their Confederate debts, and ratify the Thirteenth Amendment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The commission expressed frustration over being asked to forgive landowners while highlighting the legacy of violence and oppression against Black individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vagrancy laws required Black Americans to carry proof of employment, and failure to do so could result in arrest or fines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The Bureau coerced formerly enslaved individuals to return to their old fields and harvest crops to prevent famine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The lack of federal interference allowed southern conventions to enact discriminatory laws, such as Black Codes that curtailed the rights of Black citizens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Johnson's policies were influenced by his states'-rights perspective and racist beliefs, leading to a lenient approach that favored white Southerners.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Black Codes enforced exploitative labor contracts and restricted economic opportunities, effectively locking many Black individuals into a cycle of poverty.</p> Signup and view all the answers