Podcast
Questions and Answers
How many permanent molars are there per dental quadrant in the mandibular arch?
How many permanent molars are there per dental quadrant in the mandibular arch?
The buccal aspect of the mandibular first molar shows four cusps.
The buccal aspect of the mandibular first molar shows four cusps.
False
At what age does the eruption of the mandibular first molar usually occur?
At what age does the eruption of the mandibular first molar usually occur?
6 years
Mandibular molars differ from maxillary molars in having ______ roots.
Mandibular molars differ from maxillary molars in having ______ roots.
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Match the characteristics with the correct mandibular permanent molar.
Match the characteristics with the correct mandibular permanent molar.
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What term is associated with the five-cusped pattern of lower molars in anthropoid apes?
What term is associated with the five-cusped pattern of lower molars in anthropoid apes?
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The pulp cavity of mandibular molars typically consists of two pulp canals.
The pulp cavity of mandibular molars typically consists of two pulp canals.
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What are the names of the two roots of the mandibular molars?
What are the names of the two roots of the mandibular molars?
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The pulp morphology of the mandibular molars usually has a pulp horn under each _____
The pulp morphology of the mandibular molars usually has a pulp horn under each _____
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Match the following terms to their descriptions:
Match the following terms to their descriptions:
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How many pulp canals are typically found in the distal root of the mandibular second molar?
How many pulp canals are typically found in the distal root of the mandibular second molar?
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The occlusal outline of the mandibular second molar is more rectangular than that of the mandibular first molar.
The occlusal outline of the mandibular second molar is more rectangular than that of the mandibular first molar.
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What is the age range for enamel completion of the mandibular third molar?
What is the age range for enamel completion of the mandibular third molar?
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The crown of the mandibular second molar appears smaller than that of the _____________ molar.
The crown of the mandibular second molar appears smaller than that of the _____________ molar.
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Match the following features with the correct tooth:
Match the following features with the correct tooth:
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Which of the following characteristics applies to the mandibular third molar?
Which of the following characteristics applies to the mandibular third molar?
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Which cusp is the largest of the three distal cusps when viewed from the distal surface?
Which cusp is the largest of the three distal cusps when viewed from the distal surface?
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The contact area of the mandibular second molar is located at a higher level compared to the mandibular first molar.
The contact area of the mandibular second molar is located at a higher level compared to the mandibular first molar.
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What is the evidence of calcification for the mandibular first molar?
What is the evidence of calcification for the mandibular first molar?
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The distal marginal ridge is wider than the mesial marginal ridge.
The distal marginal ridge is wider than the mesial marginal ridge.
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The occlusal surface of the mandibular third molar has a very _____________ appearance.
The occlusal surface of the mandibular third molar has a very _____________ appearance.
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What shape does the crown outline form?
What shape does the crown outline form?
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How many cusps does the crown of a mandibular third molar typically have?
How many cusps does the crown of a mandibular third molar typically have?
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The cervical third of the distal surface is relatively __________.
The cervical third of the distal surface is relatively __________.
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Match the following cusps with their characteristics:
Match the following cusps with their characteristics:
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What is the shape of the groove separating the lingual and buccal cusps?
What is the shape of the groove separating the lingual and buccal cusps?
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The occlusal table tapers lingually and labially.
The occlusal table tapers lingually and labially.
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Where are the two fossae located in relation to the central fossa?
Where are the two fossae located in relation to the central fossa?
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The __________ cusp is displaced slightly towards the buccal surface.
The __________ cusp is displaced slightly towards the buccal surface.
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Which groove bisects the Distal Marginal Ridge?
Which groove bisects the Distal Marginal Ridge?
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Which cusp is the widest of the buccal cusps?
Which cusp is the widest of the buccal cusps?
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The mesiolingual and distolingual cusps are of significantly different sizes.
The mesiolingual and distolingual cusps are of significantly different sizes.
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What is the function of the mesio-buccal groove?
What is the function of the mesio-buccal groove?
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The distal cusp is much more ______ compared to the other two cusps.
The distal cusp is much more ______ compared to the other two cusps.
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Match the following cusps with their characteristics:
Match the following cusps with their characteristics:
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Where does the mesio-buccal groove terminate?
Where does the mesio-buccal groove terminate?
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The buccal surface of the tooth is predominantly flat.
The buccal surface of the tooth is predominantly flat.
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What creates the bifurcation on the tooth's root?
What creates the bifurcation on the tooth's root?
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The cervical line tends to curve _______ about 1mm in the center of the mesial surface.
The cervical line tends to curve _______ about 1mm in the center of the mesial surface.
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Which aspect of the tooth shows a flat or concave surface cervically?
Which aspect of the tooth shows a flat or concave surface cervically?
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Study Notes
Mandibular Permanent Molars
- Mandibular permanent molars are the largest teeth in the mandibular arch
- They function as chewing/ grinding tools
- Three molars per dental quadrant
- Size progressively decreases posteriorly
- Crowns shorter cervico-occlusally than mandibular anterior teeth
Differences Between Mandibular and Maxillary Molars
- Mandibular molars have two roots
- Derived from five cusps
- Crowns wider mesio-distally
- Fissure pattern generally cross-shaped
- Lingual cusps of more equal size
- Buccal cusp tips shifted lingually, showing more buccal view occlusally
Mandibular First Molar
- Evidence of Calcification: Birth
- Enamel Completed: 3 years
- Eruption: 6 years
- Root Completed: 9-10 years
- Usually the first permanent teeth to erupt
- Buccal View: Three cusps (mesio-buccal, disto-buccal, distal)
- Distal cusp smallest
- Mesiobuccal cusp widest
- Fissure separates mesio-buccal and disto-buccal cusps
- Mesiobuccal groove originates from central fossa and terminates in buccal pit halfway down occluso-gingival height
- Mesiobuccal and distobuccal cusps approximately equal in length
- Distal cusp more conical and smaller
- Distal cusp separated from distobuccal cusp by Distobuccal developmental groove
- Buccal surface markedly convex, especially at cervical third
- Convexity associated with lingual inclination of buccal cusps
- Mesial and distal crown profiles converge toward cervical third
- Lingual Aspect: Two lingual cusps (mesiolingual and distolingual)
Mandibular Second Molar
- Evidence of Calcification: 2-3 years
- Enamel Completed: 7-8 years
- Eruption: 11-13 years
- Root Completed: 14-15 years
- Buccal Aspect: Crown smaller than first molar, two buccal cusps equal mesiodistally, fissure between cusps
- Lingual Aspect: Less lingual convergence than first molar
- Crown noticeably shorter than first molar
- Mesial Aspect: Resembles the first molar mesial view, mesial marginal ridge not as converging, contact area lower
- Distal Aspect: No distal cusp; resembles mesial view, contact area lower, centered buccolingually and cervico-occlusally
- Occlusal View: Occlusal outline more rectangular, usually no fifth cusp, four cusps nearly equal in size
Mandibular Third Molar
- Introduction: Variable/ unpredictable morphology, smallest but can be large as first molar, crown has four or five cusps, mesial cusps larger, normally rounded rectangle or circular shape
- Evidence of Calcification: 8-10 years
- Enamel Completed: 12-16 years
- Eruption: 17-21 years
- Root Completed: 18-25 years
- Occlusal Surface: Wrinkled appearance, irregular groove pattern, numerous pits
- Roots: Usually shorter than those of second molars, acutely inclined to the distal side, very close/ often fused
Roots and Pulp Morphology
- Two roots: mesial and distal, from a common root stalk
- Roots flattened mesiodistally
- Mesial root usually deeply grooved
- Both roots curve distally
- Pulp cavity of a pulp chamber and three pulp canals generally
- Mesial root houses two pulp canals (mesiobuccal and mesiolingual), distal root houses one larger canal
- Pulp horn under each cusp (ie 5 horns)
- Occasionally four root/pulp canals, distal root sometimes has two (distobuccal and distolingual canal)
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Description
This quiz focuses on the characteristics and differences of mandibular permanent molars, exploring their anatomy, function, and development. It highlights the distinctions between mandibular and maxillary molars, as well as specific details about the mandibular first molar. Test your knowledge on these important dental structures!
