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Questions and Answers
What is self-determination?
What is self-determination?
The local population would be consulted as to the form of their future government.
What does the mandate system entail?
What does the mandate system entail?
Advanced countries would administer the affairs of territories until they were ready to manage their own.
Which of the following are mandatory powers? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are mandatory powers? (Select all that apply)
What characterizes Category A Mandates?
What characterizes Category A Mandates?
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What are Category B Mandates?
What are Category B Mandates?
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What regions are classified as Category C Mandates?
What regions are classified as Category C Mandates?
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What did E.A. Northedge say about the mandate system?
What did E.A. Northedge say about the mandate system?
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Who controlled Syria and Lebanon until 1944?
Who controlled Syria and Lebanon until 1944?
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What happened on October 3, 1918?
What happened on October 3, 1918?
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What occurred on December 1, 1918?
What occurred on December 1, 1918?
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What was the French policy of divide and rule?
What was the French policy of divide and rule?
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What was the demographic composition of Christians in Mount Lebanon?
What was the demographic composition of Christians in Mount Lebanon?
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Who are the Alawis?
Who are the Alawis?
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Who are the Druze?
Who are the Druze?
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What characterized political life in Syria?
What characterized political life in Syria?
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What was the revolt in July 1925?
What was the revolt in July 1925?
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How many Syrians were killed in the July revolt?
How many Syrians were killed in the July revolt?
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What is the National Bloc?
What is the National Bloc?
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What was Iraq like in 1920?
What was Iraq like in 1920?
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What happened to the Kurdish minority of Mosul?
What happened to the Kurdish minority of Mosul?
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What is the situation of Sunnis in Iraq?
What is the situation of Sunnis in Iraq?
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What occurred during the revolt in May 1920?
What occurred during the revolt in May 1920?
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What happened in 1921 regarding Faisal?
What happened in 1921 regarding Faisal?
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What does 'Empire by Treaty' refer to?
What does 'Empire by Treaty' refer to?
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What was the case of Transjordan?
What was the case of Transjordan?
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What was the outcome of the Kurdish rebellion in 1925?
What was the outcome of the Kurdish rebellion in 1925?
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What was the significance of the legislative council proposed in the 1922 constitution?
What was the significance of the legislative council proposed in the 1922 constitution?
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Study Notes
Self-determination
- Local populations to be consulted on their future governance.
Mandate system
- Advanced countries to administer territories until populations can self-govern.
Mandatory powers
- Nations including the UK, France, Japan, Belgium, South Africa, Australia, and New Zealand had administrative responsibilities.
Category A Mandates
- Included ex-Ottoman Arab territories nearing independence.
Category B Mandates
- Comprised former German colonies in Africa; aimed to guide them away from slavery and labor exploitation, facilitating trade.
Category C Mandates
- Included regions such as South-West Africa and German islands in the Pacific.
E.A Northedge on Mandate System
- Described as a mechanism for Allied Powers to retain territorial gains without upsetting local populations.
Syria and Lebanon
- Under French mandates until 1944.
Event on 3 Oct 1918
- British troops enabled Faisal to enter Damascus, marking the city's liberation from Ottoman control.
Meeting on 1 Dec 1918
- British PM Lloyd George and French PM Clemenceau re-evaluated the Sykes-Picot Agreement to amend borders, neglecting the local communities' desires.
French policy of divide and rule
- Created dependency among Syrians and Lebanese, facilitating minority rule.
Christian Maronites
- Comprising 30% of Lebanon's population, they established political dominance, often causing discontent among the Muslim majority.
Alawis
- A minority Muslim sect in Western Syria and Northern Lebanon, identifying with Shia Islam.
Druze
- A unitarian Muslim minority residing in Southern Syria, Central Lebanon, and Northern Israel.
Political life in Syria
- Primarily controlled by Sunni Muslims, which marginalized the Druze and Alawite communities.
Revolt in July 1925
- Led by Sultan Atrash in the Druze region, initially successful against the French, but suppressed by Spring 1927.
Casualties of the July revolt
- Approximately 6,000 Syrians killed during unrest.
National Bloc
- Political group formed in Syria following the July 1925 revolt.
Structure of Iraq in 1920
- Composed of three separate regions: Mosul, Basra, and Baghdad.
Kurdish minority in Mosul
- Arab hegemony denied Kurdish minority rights, leading to tensions.
Sunni majority in Iraq
- Minoritized population ruling under British support, generating ongoing dissatisfaction among the Shi'a.
Revolt in May 1920
- The first rebellion against British authority, resulting in 10,000 Iraqi and 450 British deaths; led to a proposed handover to an Arab ruler.
Crowned King of Iraq in 1921
- Faisal crowned, with British oversight and assistance.
Empire by Treaty
- Refers to Iraq's situation under foreign influence via treaties.
Case of Transjordan
- Proposed division of the mandate along the Jordan River, establishing Palestine to the west and an independent Arab state eastward.
Kurdish rebellion in 1925
- Resulted in the deaths of approximately 25,000 Kurds.
Representation in 1922 Constitution
- Proposed legislative council for Palestinians, Jews, Christians, and British; Arabs received only 10 out of 23 seats despite being 90% of the population.
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Test your knowledge with these flashcards on the mandate system and concepts like self-determination and mandatory powers. This quiz will help you understand the historical context and implications of the mandate system as used by colonial powers. Perfect for students of history.