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Questions and Answers
What is one of the key aspects of a manager's role in achieving action, according to Carnall?
What is one of the key aspects of a manager's role in achieving action, according to Carnall?
- Developing marketing strategies
- Implementing new technologies
- Providing financial support
- Handling opposition (correct)
What is the primary motivator for how change is accomplished, according to Benjamin and Mabey?
What is the primary motivator for how change is accomplished, according to Benjamin and Mabey?
- People within the organization (correct)
- Change management consultants
- External environmental forces
- Organizational structure
Why is Planned change considered inappropriate by advocates of Emergent change?
Why is Planned change considered inappropriate by advocates of Emergent change?
- Because it ignores power and politics
- Because it is too time-consuming
- Because it focuses on culture change
- Because the environment is uncertain (correct)
What is the focus of Figure 10.2, according to the text?
What is the focus of Figure 10.2, according to the text?
Who developed the five central factors for managing change?
Who developed the five central factors for managing change?
What is a criticism of the Emergent approach, according to the text?
What is a criticism of the Emergent approach, according to the text?
What is the title of Kotter's work, mentioned in the text?
What is the title of Kotter's work, mentioned in the text?
Who developed the Stace-Dunphy change matrix?
Who developed the Stace-Dunphy change matrix?
What is a characteristic of emergent change?
What is a characteristic of emergent change?
What is a limitation of the planned approach to change?
What is a limitation of the planned approach to change?
What is a commonality between the planned and emergent approaches to change?
What is a commonality between the planned and emergent approaches to change?
What is a characteristic of the open systems perspective?
What is a characteristic of the open systems perspective?
What is a criticism of the planned approach to change?
What is a criticism of the planned approach to change?
When did the planned approach to change begin to face criticism?
When did the planned approach to change begin to face criticism?
What is a key difference between the planned and emergent approaches to change?
What is a key difference between the planned and emergent approaches to change?
What is a common criticism of the planned approach to change?
What is a common criticism of the planned approach to change?
What is the main characteristic of the Emergent approach to change?
What is the main characteristic of the Emergent approach to change?
According to Pettigrew, what should replace OD?
According to Pettigrew, what should replace OD?
What is the definition of a process according to processualists?
What is the definition of a process according to processualists?
What is one of the key skills required for coalition-building in change management?
What is one of the key skills required for coalition-building in change management?
What is the primary focus of the Emergent approach to change?
What is the primary focus of the Emergent approach to change?
What is the role of managers in change management according to Pugh?
What is the role of managers in change management according to Pugh?
What is a characteristic of the processual approach to change?
What is a characteristic of the processual approach to change?
What is the main difference between the Emergent and Planned approaches to change?
What is the main difference between the Emergent and Planned approaches to change?
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Study Notes
Emergent Change
- Emergent change is an open-ended process that involves adjusting to the changing external environment.
- It is a bottom-up approach that is unpredictable and cannot be pre-planned.
- It is a learning process with no universal rules.
Critique of Planned Change
- The planned approach to change, promoted by Lewin and the OD movement, has faced criticism for its limitations.
- Criticisms include its inability to cope with continuous change, its emphasis on incremental change, and its neglect of organizational conflict and politics.
Characteristics of Emergent Change
- Emergent change is an ongoing process of organizational adaptation and transformation.
- It adopts an open systems perspective, recognizing that organizations are interdependent parts of a larger environment.
- Change emerges from the day-to-day actions and decisions of organization members.
Role of Managers in Emergent Change
- Decision-making: includes intuition, vision, and the ability to gather and utilize information.
- Coalition-building: includes skills necessary to gain support and resources to implement decisions.
- Achieving action: includes handling opposition, motivating people, and providing support.
- Maintaining momentum and effort: includes team-building, generating ownership, and sharing information.
The Stace-Dunphy Change Matrix
- A framework for understanding the relationship between the type of change and the level of participation required.
Contingency Approach to Change
- The primary stimulus for change is the external environment, but the primary motivator for how change is accomplished resides with the people within the organization.
Determinants of Successful Change
- A framework for understanding the factors that contribute to successful change.
Managing the Political Dynamics of Change
- Requires understanding and managing the political dynamics within an organization.
Pettigrew and Whipp's Five Central Factors for Managing Change
- A framework for managing change, including coherence, strategic awareness, maintaining momentum, and more.
Kotter's Leading Change
- A framework for leading change, including establishing a sense of urgency, forming a powerful coalition, and more.
Criticisms of the Emergent Approach
- Assumes all organizations are the same.
- Overfocuses on power and politics.
- Culture is treated as malleable.
- Ignores managerial resistance.
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