Managing Blood Sugar Levels in Diabetes Quiz

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What is the optimal A1c range for a patient diagnosed with diabetes?

Between 10-12%

Less than 5%

Between 7-9%

Less than 7% (correct)

Which of the following is a sign of hypoglycemia?

Thirst and abdominal pain

Flushed skin and fruity breath odor

Deep and labored breathing

Moist tongue and tingling sensation (correct)

How should hypoglycemia be treated if the patient is awake and alert?

PO glucose (correct)

Intranasal glucose

Glucagon injection

IV glucose

Which of the following is a symptom of hyperglycemia?

Drowsiness and fruity breath odor Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible complication of administering IV glucose for hypoglycemia?

A spike in blood sugar levels that levels out over time Signup and view all the answers

What are the classic symptoms associated with Diabetes Mellitus?

Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia Signup and view all the answers

How often should blood glucose monitoring be done if the results are consistently high (over 250 mg/dL)?

Every 2-4 hours Signup and view all the answers

What can A1C levels indicate about a person's glucose control?

A1C levels reflect glucose levels over the past 3 months Signup and view all the answers

Which symptoms are associated with peripheral neuropathy in Diabetes Mellitus?

Numbness & tingling in extremities Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of carbohydrates should be included in the diet for a person with Diabetes Mellitus?

45% Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT a long-term complication associated with Diabetes Mellitus?

Hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism of action of sulfonylureas in managing diabetes?

Stimulate the pancreas to produce more insulin Signup and view all the answers

Why should caution be used when prescribing sulfonylureas to elderly patients?

Due to an increased risk of hypoglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the main caution associated with the use of metformin in diabetes management?

Potential for lactic acidosis Signup and view all the answers

Why should thiazolidinediones be avoided in patients with heart failure or renal disease?

They may cause swelling due to water retention Signup and view all the answers

In which group of patients should metformin be temporarily discontinued?

Patients with a GFR below 30% Signup and view all the answers

Which group of medications is considered the first line of defense for managing diabetes?

Sulfonylureas Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of Mucosal Protective Agents like Sucralfate (Carafate)?

Provide a protective coating over ulcers Signup and view all the answers

In the context of PUD treatment, what is the significance of not giving antacids within 1 or 2 hours of taking PPI/H2 medications?

Antacids may decrease the effectiveness of PPI/H2 medications Signup and view all the answers

If a patient with PUD is on a triple therapy regimen, what does this typically involve?

Two antibiotics and one PPI Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of Hematemesis?

Bright red or dark, grainy, digested blood in vomit Signup and view all the answers

What is a key health promotion strategy to manage Peptic Ulcer Disease?

Stop smoking Signup and view all the answers

Which age group has a higher prevalence of duodenal ulcers according to the text?

30-55 y/o Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common type of gallstones?

Cholesterol stones Signup and view all the answers

Why can obesity increase the risk of developing gallstones?

Obese individuals have a higher chance of liver releasing more cholesterol into bile Signup and view all the answers

Which hormone is known to increase the risk of cholesterol stones due to its effect on the liver?

Estrogen Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of bilirubin in the development of gallstones?

High levels of bilirubin contribute to gallstone formation Signup and view all the answers

How do rapid weight changes like sudden weight loss or gain affect the gallbladder?

They lead to more cholesterol release into bile and improper gallbladder emptying Signup and view all the answers

Who is most likely to develop gallstones based on demographic factors?

Women around 40 years old Signup and view all the answers